Fire Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fire Project - Assignment Example Foam with water belongs to a hydrocarbon surfactant and becomes biodegradable when mixed with water. The hydrocarbon surfactant has affinity for and this causes the water to penetrate upto the fire hence the increasing fire extinguishes. A thick blanket is formed by foam in water which suppresses the fire cutting it off the oxygen (Jeff & Routley, 1996). Foam bubbles adhering to fuels will cause the foam solution to remain on it where it will penetrate or evaporate, until it the fire is extinguished. The benefits of using foam to fight fire include increased firefighter safety, increased fire operation efficiency, and reduced properly damage. 3. Foam is made from Perfluorooctane sulfonate which is highly a pollutant if it escapes into the environment. Foam that diffuses into water bodies can cause death of acquatic animals. Organisms like birds and fish, mistake this compound for food and ends up dying. When these animals die the ecosystem is polluted. Plastic components from foam is a vector for pollutants that bio-accumulate in the food chain. When ingested by fish, toxic coated plastics can pollute the human food chain. 4. The dry ice has limitation in fire fighting. The carbon dioxide which is the dry ice offers little security for fire fighting since it is very light and can be blown away by wind. The gas requires large containers for storage which is cumbersome to transport during fire fighting and the containers can easily explode with the gas. When the gas is being oozed off from the container it produces a sound which can be scary, cause panic and can cause environmental pollution through sound. Lastly, the gas looks like dense white cloud which could impair visibility during fire fighting. 5. Other extinguishing fire methods include taking advantage of the weather. The rate at which fire spreads depends on the conditions of the prevailing weather conditions like wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. Extreme weather

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Abstract This paper aims at exploring the charm of the adventures of Tom Sawyer. It includes two parts: they are the charm of the plot arrangement and the charm of the words. It analyzes childrens characteristics in the novel. Besides, it indicates the charm of the twists and turns in the novel. Finally, this paper analyzes the charm of the words of the adventures of Tom Sawyer. Readers can understand the novel better through the above analyses. Key Words: charm, Tom Sawyer, adventures 1. Introduction Over the past decades, there have been many different kinds of novels come out. In addition, these new kinds of novels attract a lot of readers. However, it does not mean that people have to ignore or give up the old famous works. On the contrary, these famous works are unique; people should cherish the treasure which was left by those famous writers. People can know and learn much information from these works. For example, Mark Twains the adventures of Tom Sawyer. It was published in 1876; it focuses on Toms personal growth. The novel follows the development of Tom from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood. It also resembles novels of the picaresque genre, in that Tom moves from one adventures to another. The adventures of Tom Sawyer fits the style of satire, folk narrative, and comedy. This novel is worthy to read. This paper analyzes the charm of the adventures of Tom Sawyer. It includes two parts: they are the charm of the plot arrangement and the charm of the words. The author intends to analyze this novel in different ways, to let more people understand and like this amazing novel. 2. Literature Review In these years, the adventures of Tom Sawyer is a popular topic for experts to conduct their studies. Different aspects relevant to the adventures of Tom Sawyer have been come out. This section provides a brief survey of some researches on the adventures of Tom Sawyer. Li Li ping, from Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, she indicated, Though this novel tells about the life of childrens adventures, it is romantic and legendary; in the meanwhile, it is a very serious novel.(2008). Cao Shan ke, from Sun Yat-Sen University, he pointed out that the adventures of Tom Sawyer sustains its vitality to keep attracting readers from one generation to another, that is determined by its own literature charm. Mark Twain used variety kinds of writing skills to make this novel stretch over ages and keep pace with history,. In addition, he can let readers produce new realization and thinking about the heroes in the novel. (2003). Jiiang Li na, from Gan su Union University, she indicated, Tom make the experience of adventures and irony theme, both were dispersive, join together. Mar Twain uncovered the social hypocrisy and sati red the ugly people and phenomenon by the humorous and irony way. A sense of humor and irony is one of the most attractive features in this novel.(2009). There are many researches of the adventures of Tom Sawyer, but some aspects are the same, it will be difficult for readers to understand this novel in different angles. 3. The charm of the plot arrangement 3.1The charm of childrens characteristic 3.11 Childrens curiosity Curiosity is childrens common characteristic. Curiosity makes them interest in everything. Children want to explore the world; they want to know something new. In other words, curiosity is motivation; it can push children to do something. That is why Mark Twain endowed Tom Sawyer curious and venturesome characteristics. In chapter 2 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, one Saturday morning, Tom was punished by Aunt Polly; he had to whitewash the fence. That was impossible for Tom, who was a boy could not stop hanging out. So, he had to find out a way to solve this problem. And, he saw Jim, who was the only guy was interested at his sore tore. Normally, who wants to look at a sore toe, who cares others sore toe. That was incredible. However, children were different form adults, they were curious about anything that they had not seen yet. As a result of curiosity, Jim helped Tom whitewash the fence just for the sore toe. Unluckily, Aunt Polly found that, Tom had to do it by himself again. Clever Tom always had methods, the key was -childrens curiosity. He did something to catch childrens attention. Tom went on whitewashing paid no attention to the steamboat. No answer. Tom surveyed his last touch with the eye of an artist What do you call work? Tom pretended to enjoy whitewash. Besides, he succeeded to stimulate others curiosity. Children wanted to try that mysterious task, and they were willing to exchange their toys to the whitewashing. In addition, Tom became a winner because of the childrens curiosity. And in the latter chapters, Tom persuaded his friends, Joe Harper and Huckleberry Finn to slip away to Jacksons Island. They agreed to do that because they had never experienced that before. Their curiosity pushed them to do that. In fact, in our daily life, curiosity has become an important part of childrens motivation to do anything. Curiosity seems a catalyst for the children; it can provoke children to finish tasks spontaneously. 3.12 Childrens naughtiness Naughtiness is childrens inborn nature. Children like playing, and playing is the essential task for them. So, in the novel, boys were so naughty that they made a lot of fun or troubles. In chapter 1, Tom had already showed his naughtiness to the readers. Though Aunt Polly had made some measures (sewed shirt collar, white thread) to prevent Tom swimming, clever Tom could still avoid those measures to go to swim. He could nearly succeed, but Sid let him down. Why did Tom make himself at risky? He knew Aunt Polly would check him whether swim or not. Because of naughtiness, which was childrens characteristic, it pushed Tom to take adventure. Naughtiness not just showed in chapter 1, in chapter 21, boys expressed their naughtiness onto the headmaster. He seemed to take a vindictive pleasure in punishing the least shortcomings, so the smaller boys spent their days in terror and suffering and their nights in plotting revenge. That just liked a circle, the kids became naughtier, and the hea dmaster punished them more. Consequently, the boys planed to make a big project-a cat. She grabbed his wig with her desperate claws, clung to it, and was snatched up into the garret in an instant with her trophy still in her possession! And how the light did blaze abroad from the masters bald pate for the sign-painters boy had gilded it! How naughty they were! They dared to play a joke on the headmaster. The boys were not evil, but just naughty. They did that just for fun, the biggest motivation. Actually, in the daily life, children like tricks, too. When parents tell them not to do that, they may not listen to their parents obediently. Because they are naughty, they do not want to a good boy or good girl. Or, they can catch others attention when they are naughty. People can accept childrens naughtiness because that is childrens nature. 3.13 Childrens innocence Childrens innocence is also another childrens common trait. Children do not like adults; they seem to be a piece of white paper, there is no stain on it. They are pure, they have not entered the society yet, instead, they live in a sterile world-a simple children circle. If they want to get one thing, they will just go for it, always directly, without other thinking. In the novel, though we can see many chapters show us childrens naughtiness, childrens innocence also was set. In chapter 6, Tom lay thinking. Presently it occurred to him that he wished he was sick; then he could stay home from school. Children are children; they often have this thinking-skipping class. Not for what, just do not like having class or for going out to have fun, this is a simple motivation. However, it seemed well worth while to chance it, so he fell to groaning with considerable spirit. When children want to skip class, they always want to find out a reasonable excuse. And the most frequently used and eff ective one is being ill. Many people have used this excuse when they were kids. But sometimes, it does not work, because parents know their children well. In the novel, Aunt Polly also found out Tom was pretending ill. Finally, Tom gave in. He said: Oh, please, auntie, dont pull it out. It dont hurt any more. I wish I may never stir if it does. Please dont, auntie. I dont want to stay home from school. Tom is typical, he is a portrait of children. He is clever, but he cannot hide his innocence. Adults can easily figure out these childish tricks. Overall, children are children, they will never solve problem with deep consideration as adults. They will just use their naÃÆ' ¯ve, simple way to deal with problems. That is also the big difference between children and adults. The charm of childrens wish to become adult Many children do not agree that they are still children, they do not want to stay in a little childrens world. They want to grow up as soon as possible. They suppose they are adults, they are mature enough to handle anything. Sometimes, they even hate others treat them as children. They want fair treatment (they think being treated like children is unfair). They often image that one day morning, they have become a adult when they wake up, and then they go to work not go to school. That is childrens desire-to be adults. 3.21 A wish to be a pirate In the novel, Mark Twain also set children with this wish. In chapter 8, he would be a soldier, and return after long years, all war-worn and illustrious. Boys not only like being heroes, but also cheers and big hand. However, being a child could not help to develop into a hero, Tom wanted to change this situation, so he would like to be a soldier that means he had the chance to become an adult and hero. And away in the future come back a great chief, bristling with feathers, hideous with paint, and prance into Sunday- School, some drowsy summer morning, with a blood- curdling war-whoop, and sear the eyeballs of all his companions with unappeasable envy. Many children may think that when they return home with wealth and power, their families and friends will proud of them. Therefore, the first step is, being an adult and going out. Then they can make their dream come true and do whatever they want to do. Thats one of the reasons why children hope to adults. 3.22 Study to smoke Children might be drawn to smoking for any number of reasons to look cool, act older, seem tough, feel more confident and independent. The most important is, they think that smoking makes them appear in the eyes of others more mature. They also believe that they will more easily be accepted or respected by their peers if they smoke. They want to shape their own identities by smoking among teenagers. They would like to break through the circle of being a good child, instead, they would prefer to be heroes. Children often image that they will grow up when they wake up next day. Then, they can go outside to make their dreams come true. At last, they will come back to hometown with wealth and power, their families and friends will be proud of them. In chapter 16, when Tom and his friends, Joe and Huck took adventure at an island, they studied to smoke that made them willing to stay at the island. Tom said, I wish the boys could see us now. Smoking became an approach to show off. They wa nted to let their peers to know that they were different among them. They were superior. They were not kids any more. How cool they were! And Ill say, Oh, thats all right, if its STRONG enough. And then youll out with the pipes, and well light up just as cam, and then just see em look! à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Though Tom and his friends seemed to be naÃÆ' ¯ve, childish, it could not cover the truth they really wanted others to know that they could smoke, that means they had grown up. They could appear as adults. Children wanted to be more grown up because they thought that there would be fewer rules to follow. What needed to do was raise their status among other peers. They could be their examples and leaders. Tom, Joe and Huck studied to smoke not for the excitement of tobacco, but for the wish to become adults. They wanted to show they were not kids any more. (Even they were). The charm of twists and turns The adventures of Tom Sawyer can keep its own vitality from one generation to another because of its own literature charm. In the meanwhile, it attracts more and more readers. Mark Twain made this novel popular among these years. Even periods are different; The adventures of Tom Sawyer can let readers come about their own realization and thoughts about the characters in the novel. Twists and turns is one of the charms of novel, this kind of writing technique makes the novel more attractive. Mark Twain set lots of suspense, tortuous plots and terrifying description in the novel. All of these increased a kind of mysterious tension to make readers can not help to finish the novel. 3.21 Tragedy in the graveyard In chapter 9, Tom sneaked out of bed and went to the graveyard with Huck at night. They hid in the trees to wait for devils. After a while, three figures went into the grave. Tom and Huck thought they were the devils. They were delighted and horrified In fact, these three devils were three adults from the town. In addition, the boys were surprised to recognize the young Dr. Robinson accompanied by two local outcasts, the drunken Muff Potter and Injun Joe. Dr. Robinson ordered two men to dig up a corpse. After finishing the job, a fight ensued because of the extra payment. In the scuffle, Dr. Robinson knocked Potter unconscious with a stone. Moreover, Injun Joe killed Dr. Robinson with Potters knife. Tom and Huck witnessed the murder happened. This murder produced suspense, because the real murderer, Injun Joe told Potter that he killed Dr. Robinson. In addition, Potter believed that. From an adventure to a murder, this children fiction became a mystery story. It made the boys more ma ture in one night. It was difficult to accept the bloody killing process. The murder setting was astonishing for readers, too. In the previous chapters, they were just about childrens tricks, childrens adventures, which were simple, funny and interesting. However, in this chapter, the children innocent style was swerved to detective logically one. Actually, the author had set some tips to suggest that something different would happen. The ticking of the clock, Old beams, the stairs, chirping of a cricket, the howl of a far-off dog, a most melancholy caterwauling etc, showed the atmosphere was strange. These descriptions were so particular that made readers feel like the boys in the novel. These hints drew people into a creepy night to go for adventures with Tom. The boys were shocked by the murder and grew up psychologically in one night. In the meanwhile, readers suddenly realized that it was not only for children, but also for adults. 3.23 The salvation of Muff Potter After witnessing the murder, Tom and Hucks immediate reflection was to flee, both physically and psychologically. They ran from the scene of crime back into the world of children. They were shocked. When Injun Joe blamed Muff Potter for the crime, the boys did not tell the truth because of a blood oath and fear. Tom and Huck felt guilty. Nevertheless, they could still go back to the normal life. Forming pirate crew, learning to smoke, tricking the headmaster and so on, Mark Twain let the funny and relaxing style come back again. Readers can loosen their nerve temporarily from the previous tense atmosphere. Mark Twain could control this situation perfectly (loose-tight-loose). He could catch readers attention and give space for them to take a break or have a thought. Therefore, in chapter 23, a sharp turn came again. Readers sights were focus on the crime once more. In this chapter, Muff Potters trail approached, Tom and Huck agonized about whether they should reveal what they had kno wn. They feared Injun Joe would kill them if they speak out the truth. Huck, they couldnt anybody get you tell, could they? Get me tell? Why, if I wanted that half-breed devil to drownd me they could get me to tellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I reckon were safe as long as we keep mum. But lets swear again, anyway. Its more surer.' Children are children; they do not know what to do if they find something wrong. When readers read these words, they may worry about whether the boys would tell the truth or not. How Muff Potter would be sentenced? Whether Injun Joe would be charged? A series of question are raised. Fortunately, Potters lawyer called Tom as a witness for the defense. And Tom told the truth finally. At this moment, readers can take a break. However, at the same moment, the real murderer, Injun Joe escaped. Then, what would happen? Suspense was set again, which made readers worry once more. 3.24 The discovery of real robbers After Injun Joes escape, the town back to normal. Tom and Huck decided to hunt for the treasure. They discussed possible places to dig out treasure. They imaged what they would do if they find treasure. They dug a number of places around the tree but found nothing. At the midnight, the boys came back, found nothing again. Finally, they hesitantly agreed to go to the haunted house, a deserted building nearby. That appeared to be another adventure along the lines of the boys trip of Jacksons Island. It was only when Injun Joe appeared at the house that twists and turns showed again. Readers realized that narrative was no longer skipping from adventure to adventure but instead driving toward an ending. Tom and Huck found one of the two robbers was Injun Joe. At first, they were frightened that Injun Joe would make reprisals. However, when boys found the robbers wanted to hide gold coins at the house. They With gloating eyes they watched every movement. Luck!the splendor of it was beyond all imagination! Six hundred dollars was money enough to make half a dozen boys rich! Before the large sum of money (though they not yet had it), fear could be forgotten temporarily, that was kids thought. Nevertheless, they became desperate because robbers changed the hiding place. By this point of the novel, Mark Twain tight readers nervous again. Twain let the key chapter, Injun Joe show up to prepare finishing the novel. At this point, readers also have a deep thought. What is the ending? Happy or sad? Would Injun Joe take revenge ¼Ã… ¸ A series of query showed Mark Twain succeeded in setting this suspense. Actually, the discovery of real robbers was the hint to foreshadow the ending of the novel. But Mark Twain caught every chances to catch readers eyes, he liked twists and turns, so do the readers. This plot also showed Toms development of maturity and the effects that it had on his interactions with his friends and family. Twists and turns worked again. The charm of words Childrens tone Literature is the art of words. The words of childrens novel should be suitable for children. Childrens novel seems a game, which is played on paper. This game should be interesting and active because its readers are children, and their parents are selectors. This game is also full of childrens humor, direction, curiosity, simplicity and variety. Children can understand the lines without difficult logical reasoning. The adventures of Tom Sawyer is exactly this type of novel. Mark Twain passed the relaxing atmosphere to the readers by the words of Tom and other boys. The tone of the novel is children style; it can express its meaning and convey the characters characteristics by the words. In addition, most of the words of the novel were said by children. And the children in the novel were not good or well educated. In the daily conversations, they often used non-standard oral English, even dialect and slang. Their words were different from the standard language in St. Petersburg; they were thought to be vulgar, dirty and low-down. Mark Twain believed that bad boys should use bad language, they were perfectly matched. In chapter 1, Tom was very angry because Sid told Aunt Polly that he skipped class to swim. He scolded Sid: Siddy, Ill lick you for that. Besides, a boy was a new comer. Tom did not like the boy only because the boy was well dressed. Tom provoked: I can lick you! Id like to see you try it. Well, I can do it. No you cant, either. Yes I can. No you cant. I can.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A naÃÆ' ¯ve and pure image was presented by Toms sharp and violent words. These words fit in with childrens speaking habit. That will be humorous and funny for the reader, no matter the reader is a kid or an adult. Exquisite description Another feature of this novel is exquisite description. Through the exquisite description, readers can understand the boys in the novel better. Mark Twain was good at description. In chapter 2, the most interesting plot is Toms whitewashing. In a beautiful Saturday morning, Tom was punished to whitewash the fence. For exchanging with his freedom, he took out his treasure-He got out his worldly wealth and examined-bits of toys, marbles and trash. He wanted to use these treasure to tempt other kids to help him whitewash. Afterwards, Tom had a better idea. He pretended the job-whitewashing was not work, it was an Art creation-Tom surveyed his last touch with the eye of an artist. Toms enjoyment of whitewashing caught kids attention as expected. And they were willing to exchange with their treasure for this art creating. Tom pretended to accept the deal reluctantly. Actually, he was happy to exchange. Moreover, he continued to plan another step. planned the slaughter of more innocents. H ow clever Tom was! He knew the boys way of thinking. As if the price of something is higher, people will believe the quality may higher than the cheaper one too. So, Tom knew if he wanted other kids to help, he must let them know how funny the job was and he liked the job. That is kid. If you wanted kids cherish what they got, you should let them get it more difficult. Mark Twains exquisite description not only shows us that the novel is funny but also his understand of childrens thinking. Through these exquisite descriptions, readers can entirely get into the novel, to know, to enjoy the world of children. A sense of humor and irony Humor and Irony is an indirect way to express authors thought. In the novel, Mark Twain satirized social vices, ugly phenomenon and people at that time by humor and irony. The most attractive characteristic of the novel is humor and irony, Mark Twain was always good at using it. In chapter 5, Mark Twain showed us an interesting scene that was people went to church to pray. When talking about the mayor, the author used these words the mayor and his wife-for they had a mayor there, among other unnecessaries, unnecessaries tells the readers that the mayor was a small potato, his position existed in name only. Then, after the minister sung the hymn which was thought beautiful, and the ladies would lift up their hands and let them fall helplessly in their lap, and walltheir eyes, and shake their headsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ On one hand, helplessly and wall expressed peoples appreciation to the minister. On the other hand, people were absent-minded. When the minister droned through an argument, ma ny a head by and by began to nod , they nod not because they agree or understand the argument, but because they dozed off. And another scene was interesting too. That was the first time when Tom met a girl who was a new comer; he fell in love with her immediately. Actually, A certain Amy Lawrence vanished out of his heart and left not even a memory of herself behind. He had thought he loved her to distraction; he had regarded his passion as adoration; and behold it was only a poor little evanescent partiality. Tom was fickle in love; he could love someone easily, and forget her more easily. How bad he was! Mark Twain did not mean to express Toms badness; he just wanted to show Toms naughtiness, smartness and loveliness through these humor and irony words. 5.Conclusion All in all, this paper tells the readers that the charm of the adventures of Tom Sawyer. It includes two parts: they are the charm of the plot arrangement and the charm of the words. From this paper, readers can know more information about the novel. It analyzes childrens characteristics in the novel, they are curiosity, naughtiness and innocence; it explains why the children in the novel did something like that. Besides, it indicates the charm of the twists and turns in the novel, Mark Twain was good at setting suspense to attract readers. Finally, this paper analyzes the charm of the words of the adventures of Tom Sawyer. Readers can understand the novel better through the analyses about the tone, description and writing style of the novel.

Of Mice & Men :: essays research papers

Warren French writes, â€Å"The world just hasn’t been made right, so that dreams are the only things that can keep men going.† Agree or disagree with this statement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I remember a time in my life when I would always play with little children. At that point, at the age of six or seven, I decided to become a pediatrician or a kindergarten teacher. When I started high school, I started feeling stressed out because of the pressure that I was doing to myself to reach my goal of becoming a pediatrician. I could hardly focus on the topic we would have during class because I would be thinking about my future as a pediatrician. With the help of my friends, they helped me overcome the obstacles that I had. The more I thought about what profession I wanted to be, I thought about how much I loved working and dealing with computers. My friends and cousins told me that I should and can be what ever I wanted, and that helped me decide to major in computer engineering at San Jose State University. So you see when it comes down to life, dreams are not the only thing that can keep men going, friendships, pets and companionships can do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel Of Mice and Men Lennie, George, and Candy demonstrate and prove that dreams are only one of the things that can keep men going. â€Å"Lennie, for God sakes don’t drink so much†¦.You gonna be sick like you was last night†¦.I ain’t sure its good water. Looks kinda scummy.† (page 3). George is so concerned with Lennie that he tells him to be careful of what he drinks because he does not know if it is good or contaminated. He tells him that so Lennie will not get sick and so that they can save up for their dream house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I want you to stay with me, Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself. No, you stay with me. Your Aunt Clara wouldn’t like you running off by yourself, even if she was dead.† (page 13). After Lennie and George fight over the dead mouse, Lennie tells him that George would be better off if Lennie went to the mountains to live in a cave. George doesn’t let him. He tells him that he wants him to stay because not only did George somewhat promise Lennie’s dead Aunt Clara that he would take care of him, but he also learned how to live and adjust with the fact that Lennie has kind of a childish mind.

A Study of the Impact of Health Care Management and Health Care Delivery

This research paper is aimed to show the impact of the health care management and health care delivery on the health status of the Gabonese.The study, impact assessment of health care management and health care delivery profile will builds up from previous work and is expected to serve as a future building block that advances the conceptualization and practical understanding of how to evaluate the competence of health care management and delivery in Gabon.Throughout Gabon, there is a growing consensus about the nature and importance of health care management and delivery competence a necessary component to accessible, responsive and high quality health care (Gerardi, 2004).   Nevertheless, the pursuit of competence in health care management and delivery institutions is somehow constrained partly by the health industries’ deficiency of a systematic procedures and instruments for assessing competence in relation to health care status.The health care management and delivery wil l be gauged on its presence, quality level as well as its contribution to good health and health care of the entire population of Gabon.The particular aims of the research are to develop an analytic framework for accessing the impact of health care management and health care delivery in the health care delivery organizations, point out specific indicators that can be used in connection to the framework as well as assessing the importance, feasibility and practical implication of the framework and its indicators.The health status indicators in Gabon will mainly be focused on quality of provision of primary health care, general mortality rates for both adults and children and the effects of health care management and delivery on average life expectancy of the people of Gabon (MSH, 1991).Problem of the StatementTo study the impact of health care management and health care delivery in Gabon, the research team will apply various methods to reach these objectives.   The research team wi ll solicit inputs from individuals with wide expertise on issues related to health care management and delivery.These individuals will share information, insights as well as opinions throughout the research period on ongoing basis through meetings and written commentaries.   The research team will also receive inputs from a wide range of key informants in private and public sector who have knowledge on health care management and health care delivery in Gabon.Further, the research will also include inputs from workshops with the public in different zones.   Finally, the research team will make visits to best practice settings in the health care delivery institutions that have been recognized by the public for their creative and innovation in the health care delivery.   Visits will be made to both public and private health care facilities.The sites to be visited should be varied in size, population served, auspices as well as history and scope of health care management and deliv ery competence activities.   These visits will offer opportunities to get experience-based practical views about the impact of health care management and health care delivery in Gabon.The research intends to use an interactive process in developing the research findings.   Initially, there will be preliminary assessment of guidelines and initial set of indicators’ needs to be developed in literature review.This will be followed closely by refining the preliminary framework, set of indicators and related assumptions.   This will be done by considering the feedback from the key informants, input from the professionals in the health care industry as well as findings from site visits.   Finally, the framework and indicators resulting from this refinement will further be revised based on the wide range of inputs from the experts as well as various persons contacted during the site visits.   The final report of the findings of the research will be compiled and presented f or analysis and evaluation.For this research purposes, the health care management and delivery will be referred to as behaviors, policies and attitudes that combine in a system among professionals and/or agency in agency in facilitating the above to work effectively in improving the health status of the Gabonese. To develop tools to access the impact in the context of health care, the research team is to concentrate on organizational level only.The organizational structure in health management and delivery is an integral part of systematic patient-centred and has the momentum to improve the access to care, quality of care as well as health outcomes (MSH, 1991).The organization normally serves as the driving force in the development and maintenance of individual health care provider competence by providing the managers, policies and systems that support the experiences they encounter.   Moreover organizational culture affects the service delivery and also serves as a mechanism for maintaining quality health care delivery.Historical Perspective of Health Care Management and DeliveryResearch and other studies have indicated that late neo-natal deaths are attributed to perinatally related experiences.   The survival of infants at 24-27 weeks gestation depends on the effectiveness of maternal and/or prenatal care (Weir, et al, 1993).   Although Gabon’s expenditure on health care provision is higher, infant survival rates are low relative to other developing countries.Lower child maternal rates in Gabon can be avoided by improving the policy of health care delivery mainly by focusing on process issues. Recent studies show that prenatal maternal rates in Gabon are approximately 82 per every 1,000 total births and there is gradual increase in rate over time (Weir, et al, 1993).Prenatal deaths are mostly caused by asphyxia, immaturity and macerated stillbirth.   The prevalence of low birth weight babies, multiple pregnancies and admitted patients are som e of the major reasons for high mortality rates, particularly in Gabon.To reduce the current high prenatal maternal rates in Gabon, public education on danger signs of prolonged labour and regular training of health professionals as well as improving neo-dental facilities are very important.   Recent studies on global prenatal mortality figures show that between 6 and 7 million prenatal deaths occur for every 132 million births per year (MSH, 1991).It also shows that the dominant causes of those prenatal deaths were mainly caused by poor maternal health, early child bearing and most importantly, lack of appropriate and quality health delivery.   Although technology has provided medical service providers with life-saving practices, almost â…“ of mothers have no access to services during pregnancy and also do not have access to service for childbirth.Infectious diseases such as pneumonia, influenza, malaria as well as tuberculosis are the main causes of mortality in the 20th century in Gabon (Gerardi, 2004).   In the same vein recently measles, cholera as well as intestinal infections are continually and regularly causing mortality in Gabon and many other parts of the world.There has been substantial reduction of prevalence and impact of the above-mentioned diseases due to current improved control of environment, personal hygiene, medical facilities, proper management of human waste as well as dispensation including proper vaccination.

“Broken home”: what is it and what are its consequences

Relationships between parents and children have always been a significant topic to discuss and a serious matter to think about. In fact, they are the essence of the family life and the basis of children’s formation as a personality. It is important to pay attention to these relationships because they are usually tensed and strained. When a child is grown up in a family where he/she feels indifference and coldness he/she will take such vision of mutual relationships into his/her own adult life. Love and care of the family members have a crucial impact on the child’s psychical development.â€Å"In the English language, â€Å"broken home† refers to the family where the bonds between mother, father and children have turned sour or ruptured; individuals are weakened or uprooted as a result† (Fend â€Å"Broken Home†). This term is used to note a family in which love, care, and understanding are absent. Every family member is a victim. Nobody wants to blam e him-/herself, nobody cares about other person’s feelings, and nobody wants to suffer. Parents are quarrelling among themselves and as a result have no time for their kids.Sometimes it can be even worst – parents blame their children in all problems. No doubt, such a family cannot be useful for a society as it cannot be useful even for its own members. In the â€Å"broken home† family relationships are broken. For a child life in such a home is a nightmare. As we all well know, every child needs love and attention. Without these elements child will suffer emotionally, thus he/she won’t develop as a well-balanced personality. Moreover, child in such a family will always be between his/her fighting parents.The kid loves both parents equally and wants them to leave in mutual love and respect. When the child sees his/her parents quarreling, he/she may think that he/she is the reason of their disagreement. This awareness makes the kid’s life more compl icated. The famous Papa Roach’s song reflects the child’s feelings and emotions which he/she experiences while leaving in such family. The kid begins to blame his-/herself in all parents’ problems: Broken home†¦ all alone I can't seem to fight these feelings . . . . . . . . . .. . . And my wounds are not healing I'm stuck in between my parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . I know my mother loves me, but does my father even care If I'm sad or angry you were never ever there . . . . . . . . . . . . . What’s wrong with me (1-2, 4-5, 13-14, 20) That’s why parents should pay due attention to their mutual relationships, as well as to the relationships with their kids. Life in a â€Å"broken home† negatively influences kid’s growth. â€Å"Broken home† is a serious problem families must deal with.Such type of family is characterized by constant cry, fear, and tears. On the contrary, well-being family is characterized by love, care, an d joy. The parents’ divine duty is to make their home a desirable place for leaving, a place where their children will always want to go to. All that is needed to make a kid happy is just a sincere hug, a word of support, a smile, and a tolerance. Parents should try to be patient with each other and not to quarrel about trivial things. And even if they do quarrel, they should make sure their kids are not witnessing this.Every problem can be solved if there is a mutual desire, even the problem of a â€Å"broken home†. Why are so many people unhappy? Why do they perceive mutual relationships as a constant mortification and pain? The answer is simple: they were grown up in â€Å"broken homes†. Our task is to ensure joyful and happy life for kids and to eradicate the phrase â€Å"broken home† from our language. Works Cited Fend, Peter. Broken Home. 1 July 2004. < http://old. thing. net/ttreview/mayrev97. 03. html>. Roach, Papa. Broken Home. 1 July 2004. .

Chinese immigration 19th Cent essays

Chinese immigration 19th Cent essays The gold rush into California in the 1800s brought with it many social and political changes, including the introduction of Chinese immigration to American society. Most Chinese that came to the area were from regions that suffered from poverty, crime, and overpopulation. They came to America in hopes of new jobs and financial support for their families. The Calfornia Gold Rush created a demand for labor that supplied many Chinese an alternative to a meager ten or fifteen cents a day. Making the trip to America was the first task that a Chinese immigrant had to overcome. Many Chinese had to borrow money from debtors to pay for their transportation to the states. This debt, plus interest and taxes for entry papers, added up to more than ten years worth of wages for the Chinese men. So while the Chinese were not slaves, they were indebted for years of work to the American businessmen that hired them. Before 1852, the small amounts of Chinese that came to the U.S. usually ended up in the merchant trade, such as cooking or cleaning. These were the feminine jobs that needed to be done, but didnt pose any threat to American miners traveling sometimes thousands of miles in hopes of gold. In 1852, a massive influx of about twenty thousand Chinese men landed on Californian soil. These men were looking for gold, and the prospectives for American businessman were enticing. These wealthy entrepreneurs began to money into foreigners, something that angered many American mi ners who viewed California as a white-mans land. This unfair competition fueled the beginnings of anti-American sentiments. Another factor that stimulated anti-chinese sentiments were the ban on women and spousal privileges for Chinese laborers. In the late 1800s, the ratio of Chinese men to women was about thirty to one. The only Chinese women coming to the states were young prostitutes, who had been tricked or kidnapped into ...

Transition from traditional education to online learning

Transition from traditional education to online learning The propagation of the internet has initiated an upward trend in the provision of online courses in the United States. Numerous educational institutions are offering online programs in courses with high demand, notably the Information Systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transition from traditional education to online learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the various business forces that enhance the transition from traditional education to online learning are their affordability, accessibility, effectiveness, and the interaction they offers to their participants. Essentially, 90% of learning entails information transfer from the instructor to the students. The speed of information transfer at any time and anywhere through the internet makes online learning relatively cheap compared to the traditional education system. Latest reports suggest that since 1998, the costs of traditional education in the Unit ed States have been soaring at an alarming rate of 5% per annum. However, online learning is exerting downward pressure on these prices. For instance, one community college in Arizona is offering online courses at an affordable cost of $32/credit hour for in-state populace and $67/credit hour for out of state students. Fast acquisition of educational information by students through the internet reduces the time frame for course completion thereby reducing the cost of learning. For example, Officials at University Online Publishing have revealed that online learning reduces the usual 16-week college course to eight weeks making it affordable (Raymond, 2010). The effectiveness of online learning measured by the satisfaction of the learners has influenced the transition from traditional education system tremendously. In many cases, the traditional classroom environment is depicted as teacher centered rather than student centered. The instructor is portrayed as mind numbing lecturer who drones on while the learners sit nonchalantly trying to grasp adequate information for the examination purposes only (Markel, 2004). On the other hand, online learning is acknowledged to be more students centered, collaborative, and provides a democratic learning setting.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students become self motivated and are able to choose learning activities according to their abilities, interests, and careers. The instructors cease from being lecturers, oracles, and information transmitters to being mentors, facilitators, and guides. Moreover, online learning provides the students with an opportunity to focus extra time and attention on precise content areas thus making it more effective than the traditional system where emphasis on various modules or units of a course are at the instructor’s discretion(Raymond, 2010). In any learning experience, i nteraction between the participants is a major component and has become the most persistent construct in distance education. Online learning offers the aspect of interaction that is lacking in the previous system, hence its rapid transition. The interaction through emails, bulletin boards and chat rooms has done away with the place and time barriers between physically distant learners and their tutors (Raymond, 2010). This interaction has helped reestablish the classroom setting and permitted students to learn in their convenient time and place. E-learning is also eliminating isolation, advocating for unanticipated encounters and providing intellectual swap valuable to all (Raymond, 2010). In fact, learners through e-learning are able to obtain individual and instant response from both their peers and instructors. Online learning is evidently more advantageous and is being recognized as a suitable education system. This has lead to an extremely rapid transition from the traditional educational system. In fact, recent data indicate that part time learners in higher education supersede the number of full time students (Raymond, 2010). Reference Raymond, K. (2010). Quality and Effectiveness of eLearning: Learning-on-Demand Program  (LoD). New York: McGraw-HillAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transition from traditional education to online learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Entertainment Writing Jobs You May Not Have Considered †Part 2 of 2

Entertainment Writing Jobs You May Not Have Considered – Part 2  of 2 In this follow-up article, I put more of an emphasis on the feature film world. Thanks to the proliferation of â€Å"prosumer† technology like HD cameras and editing software, more films are being made now than ever before, offering increased accessibility for writers who are willing to attempt a more non-traditional approach to their careers. Write Film Treatments Feature film scripts usually begin with a treatment essentially an extended synopsis between two and ten pages that outlines the entire narrative beat First, you should read books like â€Å"Story† Ghostwriting for Indie Filmmakers Many independent producers, writers, actors, and directors have ideas for films they would like to make, but not the will or skill to write the material on their own. If you have experience writing screenplays and would rather pocket the green than see your name in lights, consider offering your services as a ghostwriter. This involves you working hand-in-hand with the person who hires you to craft the script he or she wants or to rewrite a script he or she already has without taking any credit. While you have less creative control this way, you get to ply your craft as a paid writer. Books like Screenplay   Write Marketing Materials Film and television marketing alone is a multi-billion-dollar business, and much of that money goes toward creating promotional writing for pre-existing content. If you have the ability to capture the essence of a project in a concise way with a bit of wit and flare, marketing-based materials might be your niche. This includes everything from actor

Shelly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shelly - Essay Example This story can be seen as an allegory about the theme nature versus nurture. It shows that even monsters are capable of love and even a harmless creature can be turned into a monster, given the treatment that he or she receives from his or her creator or the people around him or her. To give more clarity to the theme, nature versus nurture, in Frankenstein, Shelly has used a set of verbal imagery including the images of fire, light, gloomy weather, remote settings, violence and finally death. The way in which the narrator in the story get cast away from mythical stories, which are very close to nature and get drawn towards science which was in some way opposite to nature, is by watching a lightning burning down a tree to ashes (Shelly, 56-58). Here, the light and fire is metaphoric of the transformation of the author from being a person fascinated by nature into someone who has the confidence to command nature, who believes in nurture rather than nature. And when Frankenstein narrate s his own inner story to his creator, the imagery of fire is repeated and the reader hears the monster wondering about the nature of fire in the following words: I found a fire†¦and was overcome with delight at the warmth I experienced from it. In my joy, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. How strange, I thought, that the same cause should produce such opposite effects (Shelley, 218). This is a profound depiction of the basic contradiction involved within the evil-good duo, which can also be interpreted as a reflection of nature- nurture duality as well. Because in nature there is no evil or good as such and they exist only within a frame created by human beings. So it can be argued that evil is an after-effect of nurture. And the fire teaches that simple lesson to the monster who is just like a new born baby unaware of good and evil, and who is just learning to tread the earth and the landscape of humanity. Throughout the s tory, people are seen seeking refuge around a wood fire to talk, to understand the contradictions of life better (Shelley, 257). Similarly, there is also mention of the â€Å"feverish fire† glimmering in the eyes of Frankenstein even when his health is failing him (Shelley, 254). Here, fire is the life force, the passion that keeps one alive. Fire is the boundary between life and death, between nature and nurture. In the same way, light is used as an imagery that represents knowledge- the point at which humans depart from nature and enters the realm of nurture. This is why Frankenstein is seen observing that â€Å"I began also to observe, with greater accuracy, the forms that surrounded me, and to perceive the boundaries of the radiant roof of light which canopied me† (Shelly, 217). Again the reference to knowledge is made when narrator says, â€Å"as exemplified in the change from life to death, and death to life, until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me† (Shelly, 84). This was the moment of knowing the secret of life. This was the point of transition from simply living the nature to nurturing life. But the same light becomes â€Å"oppressive† for Frankenstein because it is the growing existential knowledge that becomes an unbearable curse for him (Shelly, 214). And this is why, towards the

Sex versus Gender Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sex versus Gender - Assignment Example One culture will define an actual man who beats up his wife; while another culture will consider a person a man considering his height and voice. Some cultures define a woman as a person bearing children; while, others will define a woman as individuals with delicate stature. These are all the gender roles that every culture assigns to men and women, thus associating these roles with one gender. Feminist theories have arisen because of distinction in gender because â€Å"most feminists differentiate sex from gender† (Nfah-Abbenyi 16). Generally speaking as in all cultures, male gender is associated with roles like going out for jobs, playing games, joining clubs, and becoming politicians; while, female gender is associated with roles like running a house, bearing children and raising them up, doing grocery, serving the family, and the like. Thus, we assign specific roles to one gender and call it man or woman. However, we do not have that liability for the biological category of sex. Sex is defined by Nature: sex with smaller gametes (sperms) and Y-chromosomes is male; while sex with larger gametes (ova) and X-chromosomes is female. Sex is defined at the time of fertilization of the egg. If a Y-chromosome from the male fertilizes an X-chromosome from the female, then the resulting sex is male. When an X from the male fertilizes an X from the female, the resulting sex is female. These and some other features like the structure of the reproductive system define which one is male sex and which is female. Hence, the distinction of sex is defined by the Nature depending upon certain physical features; while the distinction of gender is defined by the society depending upon the societal roles (Powell 4).

History J4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History J4 - Essay Example During the period that Ogier wrote his letters, the Ottoman Empire was trying to expand its territory. The Janissaries were dressed in robes that went down to their ankles and cowls which they used to cover their heads. Their main role in the Ottoman Empire was to secure the empires borders and protect it against any invasion. Ogier also states in his letter that they were used to protect the Jews and the Christians from mob violence. They also helped maintain law and order in the empire as Ogier states that they protected people from outrage and wrong. The empire had 12,000 Janissaries. People in and without the empire are terrified of the Janissaries (Foster and Daniel, 1881). The Janissary was made up of Christian boys who were subjected to strict rules and discipline. In their empire expansion activities, the Ottoman Empire took slaves. These slaves were either sold or recruited into the elite army known as Janissaries. They were mostly chosen from Balkan and Anatolian Christians. Jews and boys of Turkish origin were not recruited into the Janissary. Janissaries were recruited from the children of Christians who had been enslaved by the Ottoman Empire. Since the empire was Islamic, the Sultan was not allowed to enslave Muslims hence their exclusion from recruitment into the Janissary. The Janissaries were recruited under strict conditions; they were not allowed to keep a beard, to marry and only be soldiers and nothing else. They were recruited every 5 years and were taken in by Turkish families and taught Turkish, its customs and the rules of the Islam faith. They were mainly sought because the Sultan could not enslave Muslims, so the Ottoman Empire so urced them from their Christian subjects. Due to their strict training, the Janissaries were disciplined. Ogier writes in his letter that patience, self-denial and thrift enabled the

Anthropogenic climate change and its effects Research Paper

Anthropogenic climate change and its effects - Research Paper Example Despite the fact, that many European and Western countries have ensured strict measures against growing population yet many Asian, African and Latin American countries in the world have failed to understand the same (DiMento & Doughman, 2007). Despite the fact that these people present great opportunities for the nations in form of young working people, youth, which is full of energy, and contribute to overall economic growth of country; however, on a global basis, every human is brining with himself the potential to create more pollution and climatic damage to the planet earth (Hansjurgens & Antes, 2008). As mentioned earlier that this is one of the toughest choices because by restricting their populations these underdeveloped countries will put a brake on their future development and growth since without work force the same would not be possible. However, in order to ensure that the planet is face, it is important to undertake this decision (Bulkeley & Betsill, 2005). One of the bi ggest sources of pollution and climatic change has its roots in the greed of humankind in electricity generation, which not only disturb the atmosphere of earth but also disturbs the land as well. We are quickly running out of the world’s fuel resources and our hunger of exploring more fuels and consuming them is creating more pollutants and dangerous gases (Hoffman & Woody, 2008). Therefore, another decision would be to use solar energy all over the world to meet the energy requirements of the planet. Estimates indicate that the total energy which can be created by all of sun rays that are aimed at our planet in 24 hours are more than enough to meet the energy requirements of this planet for more than an year (Letcher, 2009). However, for implementing the same many countries will have to divert their funds from other developmental and non-developmental expenses to the creation, manufacturing, and use of solar energy systems (Hansjurgens & Antes, 2008). Furthermore, like the United States and other Western countries, these countries will have to ensure that tax exemptions and other economic measures are taken to pursue people for buying these solar energy panels. Furthermore, it may also require the planning and design of buildings and houses in such a way that they could install these panels on their roofs. In addition, this would also mean that the percentage of new skyscrapers would decrease significantly (Nelson & International Food Policy Research Institute 2009). Rather than building new mega cities, industries and others, nations will have to invest their fortunes in building and growing forests. It will have to give back to this planet what it has taken from the planet. Humankind has cut down billions of trees on this planet for the past couple of centuries to make room for its own buildings, cities and other mega structures. However, this is has created a serious misbalance in the overall atmosphere and ecosystems. By stopping the progress and growth of industries and planting trees instead, nations would be able to play their part in saving the planet (Hoffman & Woody, 2008). Plastic bags pose the biggest threat in terms of environmental degradation. These

John Steinbeck's Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Steinbeck's Life - Essay Example Published in the Stanford Spectator, a student enterprise, "Fingers of Cloud" seems out of place within its own deceptively-titled context, and, indeed, has been out of place, beyond the pens of Steinbeck critics, for over eighty years. Only Hughes and Timmerman have ventured more than the obligatory sentence or two that Steinbeck's biographers have deigned to scribe and share. Hughes's most helpful contribution is re-stating Thomas Kiernan's biographical information concerning Steinbeck's job as straw-boss on the Spreckels sugar-beet ranch in January 1921 (Hughes 4-5), which is likely the basis for some of the content in "Fingers of Cloud"; Timmerman's is noting the "mysterious pull of the mountains upon the human spirit" in the story, which "would surface in later works of Steinbeck's," and insisting, incorrectly, that Steinbeck's initial offering is "clearly inferior" when compared with "the later Steinbeck canon" (Timmerman 11, 22). Regardless of the opinions regarding the source and worth of "Fingers and Cloud," ecocriticism of Steinbeck's first story, as well as its place within Steinbeck's overall environmental context, have never been attempted. "Fingers of Cloud" is brief, only five pages long. In the story a young orphaned woman named Gertie appears, sweeping the floors of her house, singing gaily to herself. Steinbeck describes Gertie's "flat, pink face," her "benign smile," her "hair, as white as a washed sheep's wool and nearly as curly," and her "pink eyes" (160). In the span of only a few pages, Gertie ascends a mountain; gets caught in a rainstorm; barges into a Filipino labor camp; meets, seduces, and is seduced by Pedro, the boss; is married to him the following day; sets up house within the labor camp; gets beaten for days after; realizes and makes realized her whiteness and her new husband's blackness; and then, finally, re-Â ­ascends the mountain after apparently leaving Pedro, for good, behind. In terms of characterization, setting, and d ialogue, "Fingers of Cloud" offers tantalizing tastes of Steinbeck's style--a style that would allow Steinbeck to begin realizing his deepest wish, and a style that would cement his status as American's finest twentieth century American writer. Steinbeck's first character, Gertie, disregards her worldly duties, embracing instead the brilliant mystery of tall mountains and bright skies. At the story's opener, Gertie chants to herself, "Don't have to sweep no more--don't have to wash no more--don't have to do absolutely nothin'--no more" (160), repeating the last two words for extra effect. With her parents absent, and the family home now her own, the naive Gertie is well aware of her newfound freedom but does not yet realize how an absence of human connections will negatively impact her life, which comes into play later in Steinbeck's story. It is as if, with her mother and father gone, Gertie's purpose departs; and though her life may now be carefree, an emptiness still remains. Thu s, Gertie decides to leave behind her neighborhood--which is a monotonous collection of "houses and fences and grass plots" followed immediately by "new houses and fences and grass plots" (160)--and instead succumbs to the pull of the wild from the top of a mountain. Interestingly enough, upon

Oil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil - Research Paper Example The question that would equally be important to answer is the impact of alternative sources of energy on oil dependency and the aggregate global economy (Gudmestad,et al. 34). Oil industry is one of the strongest among other industries due to the significant power it wield in global economic activities. It is equally important to underline the geopolitical aspects of its production which is limited to some parts of the world. It is a common knowledge that the leading oil cartel is OPEC with a strong bargaining power in the international petroleum oil market (Omeje 168). The Dollar strength is significant shaken by oil prices and this is a key factor that proves the influence of oil industry in social, economic and political decisions made by governments and the private sector. There has been an increasing campaign for alternative source of fuel for powering vehicles and it is imperative that a critical analysis is undertaken to this effect to establish the possible consequences this would have in the economy and Oil industry. Recent Oil prices have shown a sharp volatility that began in 2008 across the world. In this regard, it is important to understand the basic facts in oil industry that explain the possible fluctuation of the commodity and the market trends. Socio-economic and political analysts have established that the oil market trend has outgrown the forces of demand and supply. This means that other factors like petroleum oil investors’ behavior in respect to prices is likely to affect the industry. To give light on the possibility of this scenario, past records and investigative analysis indicates that some economic strategies by oil firms is responsible for the fluctuation stint experienced in 2008. Since oil is such a precious commodity on whose wheels the global economy rides, most of the firms have resorted to hedging tactics to exploit the changes in international prices with a goal of maximizing profit. It therefore evident that some of t he financial woes that have been experienced in late 2000s can be attributed to financial market shockwaves of oil firms malpractices. Due to the lucrative opportunities in the industry, most of the investors lead in speculative behavior by divesting funds through pension funds, hedging and investment banks which reflects on the experienced changes in the global economy(Omeje 178). This emerging scenario has made it difficult to predict oil market trends. The oil industry analysts are still debating on the level of significance of forces of demand and supply in Oil industry but one issue that comes out more challenging is the lacking sense of emerging reality in this industry by investors. A crucial aspect of Oil industry has been on the basis of absolute price dictation by OPEC countries but this has so far changed. Changing socio-economic and political landscapes has made oil market to behavior like any other commodity. It is therefore important to underline the diminishing monopo ly based pricing style that was previously used by OPEC. The observed case of US exploring its oil has equally contributed to the shift in pricing strategy previously used by global producers. One observation across the world is that Oil products have become the most actively traded item. Despite market concentration noted in New York, Singapore and London in UK, both refined and crude oil has gained trading popularity

John Steinbeck's Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Steinbeck's Life - Essay Example Published in the Stanford Spectator, a student enterprise, "Fingers of Cloud" seems out of place within its own deceptively-titled context, and, indeed, has been out of place, beyond the pens of Steinbeck critics, for over eighty years. Only Hughes and Timmerman have ventured more than the obligatory sentence or two that Steinbeck's biographers have deigned to scribe and share. Hughes's most helpful contribution is re-stating Thomas Kiernan's biographical information concerning Steinbeck's job as straw-boss on the Spreckels sugar-beet ranch in January 1921 (Hughes 4-5), which is likely the basis for some of the content in "Fingers of Cloud"; Timmerman's is noting the "mysterious pull of the mountains upon the human spirit" in the story, which "would surface in later works of Steinbeck's," and insisting, incorrectly, that Steinbeck's initial offering is "clearly inferior" when compared with "the later Steinbeck canon" (Timmerman 11, 22). Regardless of the opinions regarding the source and worth of "Fingers and Cloud," ecocriticism of Steinbeck's first story, as well as its place within Steinbeck's overall environmental context, have never been attempted. "Fingers of Cloud" is brief, only five pages long. In the story a young orphaned woman named Gertie appears, sweeping the floors of her house, singing gaily to herself. Steinbeck describes Gertie's "flat, pink face," her "benign smile," her "hair, as white as a washed sheep's wool and nearly as curly," and her "pink eyes" (160). In the span of only a few pages, Gertie ascends a mountain; gets caught in a rainstorm; barges into a Filipino labor camp; meets, seduces, and is seduced by Pedro, the boss; is married to him the following day; sets up house within the labor camp; gets beaten for days after; realizes and makes realized her whiteness and her new husband's blackness; and then, finally, re-Â ­ascends the mountain after apparently leaving Pedro, for good, behind. In terms of characterization, setting, and d ialogue, "Fingers of Cloud" offers tantalizing tastes of Steinbeck's style--a style that would allow Steinbeck to begin realizing his deepest wish, and a style that would cement his status as American's finest twentieth century American writer. Steinbeck's first character, Gertie, disregards her worldly duties, embracing instead the brilliant mystery of tall mountains and bright skies. At the story's opener, Gertie chants to herself, "Don't have to sweep no more--don't have to wash no more--don't have to do absolutely nothin'--no more" (160), repeating the last two words for extra effect. With her parents absent, and the family home now her own, the naive Gertie is well aware of her newfound freedom but does not yet realize how an absence of human connections will negatively impact her life, which comes into play later in Steinbeck's story. It is as if, with her mother and father gone, Gertie's purpose departs; and though her life may now be carefree, an emptiness still remains. Thu s, Gertie decides to leave behind her neighborhood--which is a monotonous collection of "houses and fences and grass plots" followed immediately by "new houses and fences and grass plots" (160)--and instead succumbs to the pull of the wild from the top of a mountain. Interestingly enough, upon

Dualism by Plato and Descartes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dualism by Plato and Descartes - Assignment Example Whereas for Descartes, so has to be integrated with the body for it to function while Plato thought that the soul ought to be separated from the body so that it can think better. For Plato, the soul has already a â€Å"pure and perfect† knowledge even before the birth of the body and it is at its thinking best when it is in this condition without the distraction of everyday life. While Descartes thought the soul is necessary to animate the body, Plato thought that the soul is in its â€Å"ideal† condition when it is separated from the body upon death.Considering this viewpoint of Plato that the soul has already a perfect knowledge even before it was born to a body, provides human experience with moral value because the soul already has this moral predisposition even before it was born into a body. Cartesian dualism provides us the confidence that this moral predisposition has its use when the soul animates the body because it provides human endeavor a sense of rectitude .

Radiation Protection Personal Protective Equipment

Radiation Protection Personal Protective Equipment Introduction: The assignment, consist of three parts including this introduction, which mentions how the assignment will take shape. Ideas and concepts taken from elsewhere for the preparation of this document will be cited appropriately within the work. The document which will be given to staff will address the issues pertaining to the appropriate use of personal protective equipment(PPE), legislations associated with their use, the principles of physics behind their use. The document will briefly delve in to issues pertaining to radiation hazards and protection, legislations relevant to radiation work in United Kingdom and use of personal protective equipment. Principles of physics behind radiation protection methods will be addressed in the document. Commonly used PPE in radiographic departments will be explained with their appropriate use along with personnel dosimetry. Local rules aiding radiation protection and defining PPE use will be also addressed in the document. Radiation protection methods and appropriate use of PPE will be given in a tabular format explaining where, when and why these protection methods and PPE should be used for those situations. The third section of this work will include a conclusion which will include the reasoning behind the composition of the document. It will also briefly address other important radiation protection issues and methods which are not addressed in the documents and the reasoning behind it. It will demonstrate how the assignment brief has been addressed by the document. The conclusion segment of this assignment will also emphasise as to why understanding of the work produced is important. The main factors aiding the preparation and decisions made for the preparation of the document will also be included in the conclusion. At the end of the work all references used in the preparation of this work will be laid out in the Harvard system of referencing. Radiation Protection and the use of Personal Protective Equipment. Introduction: Being at the leading edge of radiation dose delivery, a radiographer has a unique professional duty towards himself and others around him for a reduction in the hazards caused by ionising radiation (Manning, 2004). Many radiation related fatalities and injuries suffered by radiation pioneers and scientific studies of the 1950s, which implicated low level doses to stochastic effects in radiation workers and patients led to the radiation protection regulations of today (Bushong, 2003). Radiation hazards When humans are irradiated, atomic interactions results in ionisation, this can lead to chemical and biological changes which are damaging to the cells and chromosomes. This radiation induced changes can lead to two distinct types of injuries at cellular level. Deterministic effects: Above a certain threshold dose, effects show up and the severity of the effects increase with dose Stochastic effects: Probability of occurrence of effects increases with increase in dose. The effects include cancer induction and hereditary effects in future generations (Martin and Harbison, 2006). These late stochastic effects, has led to the radiation protection regulations of today (Bushong 2003). What is Radiation protection and why do it In light of the hazards that could be caused by radiation, protection from unnecessary radiation gains paramount importance. All radiation workers and patients should be protected against these hazards by various methods and equipment, this process is called radiation protection. A system of linear non threshold (LNT) model for radiation protection is applied to all radiation practices (Martin 2004). There is also increasing opinion in favour of radiation hormesis(Carver 2006), but since there is no absolute evidence to suggest a lower threshold below which no damage occurs the LNT model as required by current legislations is considered appropriate to estimate risks at low doses(Matthews and Brennan 2008) The patient should only be exposed if the clinical evidence suggests that the patient is likely to benefit from the procedures. The law requires the doses to be kept to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), so the requirement of radiation protection is laid out by various legislations (Graham et al.,2007). The regulations relevant to radiographic work and the use of PPE in United Kingdom (UK) Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999(IRR 1999) Ionising Radiations (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (IR(ME)R) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995(RIDDOR 1995) Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) (Messer, 2009) The recommendations of The International Commission for Radiation Protection(ICRP), that radiation exposure to radiation workers and the patient should be As Low As Reasonably Achievable(ALARA) is generally accepted(Engel-Hills,2006), The recommendations of ICRP and the European union(EU) euratom directives have all had a significant impact on British law (Whitley et al., 2005) Principles of Radiation Protection IR(ME)R requires all medical exposures in diagnostic radiology to apply the radiation protection principles of justification, optimisation and dose limitation. (Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine(IPEM), 2002). These principles ensure patient dose is kept to the ALARP principle. The cardinal principles of radiation protection will be further discussed. Minimising Time: As the dose is directly proportional to duration of exposure, minimising the time of exposure results in reduced dose. Minimising the time spent near a radiation source also reduces exposure. This protection method finds its use in fluoroscopy. Other methods used in fluoroscopy, using this protection method to reduce exposure is pulsed progressive fluoroscopy and the regular interval reset timers (Bushong, 2001). Maximising Distance: The cheapest form of radiation protection is afforded by the inverse square law, which states that the radiation intensity varies to the inverse of the square of the distance (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 1997). This law holds true for the primary beam which is considered a point source of radiation. While using mobile x-ray units a radiographer can avail this principle of physics to get maximum protection by standing as far away from the source as possible with the aid of the long cable which should be at least 2metre from the x-ray tube during exposure (Bushong 2001). Dowd (1991) considers distance to be the simplest and most effective of radiation protection measures. Maximising Shielding: Maximising shielding between the radiation source and exposed personnel reduces radiation exposure considerably. The effectiveness of the shielding material is estimated in terms of its half-value layer(HVL), which is the amount of material needed to reduce radiation exposure in to half, and tenth-value layers(TVLs); which is the amount of material needed to reduce exposure to one tenth of its original amount. The preferred material for shielding is lead (Pb). The physics behind the usage of lead for protection is its high atomic number (82). This high atomic number ensures that a majority of scatter photons gets absorbed due to its high attenuation. PPE used in radiography departments: Lead Aprons: They are made from powdered lead incorporated in a binder of rubber or vinyl. They come in various lead equivalencies. If used as a secondary barrier to absorb scattered radiation an apron with lead equivalency of at least 0.25mm should be used. Lead aprons shall be at least 0.5mm of lead equivalent for fluoroscopy but can be higher to the range of 1mm of lead equivalence. The downside of greater lead equivalent aprons is the greater weight. Now manufacturers make aprons with composite materials-a combination of lead, barium and tungsten. They have reduced weight and provide better attenuation of radiation. Lead Gloves: They provide at least 0.25mm or more of lead equivalent protection. Used mainly in fluoroscopy or by people holding patients during examination. Thyroid Shields: Mainly for use while performing fluoroscopy, these offers protection to thyroid. Mobile Shields: These could be moved around and are sometimes used in angiography. Protective Eyewear: Protective glasses are used mainly in fluoroscopy to protect against the cataractogenic effect of radiation(Dowd and Tilson 1999). The concept used for radiation-protection practices is the effective dose(E). Effective dose considers the relative radio sensitivity of various tissues and organs. Effective Dose(E) =Radiation weighting factor(Wr) x Tissue weighting factor(Wt) x Absorbed dose (Bushong, 2001) Personnel Dosimetry: All classified radiation workers are routinely monitored for radiation exposures using personnel monitors. Though they do not provide any radiation protection on their own, they offer the quantity of radiation to which the person using the monitor was exposed. The commonly used dosimeters in diagnostic radiology are film badges, Thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLD) and the pocket dosimeter (Thompson et al.,1994). Local Rules which will include working procedures and protocols for the department should be always followed for the appropriate use of PPE Protective Methods/PPE usedng 2001,Bushong 2003) Conclusion: Writing an assignment about the appropriate use of PPE for radiation protection, the need to highlight radiation hazards was considered important and so the assignment started with a brief outlook of radiation hazards and subsequently radiation protection concept was discussed with emphasis on why staff and patients must be protected. The LNT dose response model for radiation protection and new concept favouring lower doses such as radiation hormesis was briefly addressed. The justification for using the LNT model for radiation protection was also emphasised. The legal requirement for radiation protection of patients and staff was discussed and legislations relevant to radiographic work in UK and other organisations influencing British law on radiation safety was discussed. Recommendations of ICRP, as low as reasonably achievable( ALARA) concept and the IR(ME)R requirements of radiation protection of patient through the principles of justification, optimization and limitation was also addressed. These introductory explanations, was considered important as they were the basis for the subject for radiation protection and highlighted the need for radiation protection in diagnostic imaging departments. Preparing the core of the work was not possible without addressing the cardinal principles of radiation protection, hence they were all discussed briefly, where these protection principles find its application for radiation protection in radiographic departments. Time, Distance, Shielding concepts of radiation protection was discussed. Distance and Shielding concept of radiation protection was discussed in detail as they find their use quite often in imaging departments. Material commonly used for shielding with the principles of physics behind its usage was also addressed. Concepts such as half -value layer(HVL) and tenth value layers (TVLs), used to define the effectiveness of the shielding material was also detailed. Personal protective equipment generally used in imaging departments such as lead rubber aprons, lead rubber gloves, thyroid shield, protective eye wear, mobile shield was discussed. Their appropriate usage in specific areas was also considered. Concept of effective dose was also briefly discussed as this was considered an important concept in radiation dose. Personnel dosimetry was discussed with a brief on the various types of personnel dosimeters used in diagnostic imaging departments, as these dosimeters play an important role in dose regulation and monitoring radiation exposure in staff. Radiation protection methods to reduce patient dose has not been elaborated and special arrangements for pregnant radiographer such as rotating out of high exposure areas such as mobile x-ray and fluoroscopy and wearing a secondary badge under the apron at waist level when involved in such examinations to measure foetal dose(Dowd and Tilson 1994) has not been addressed in the document, so as to keep the assignment within its permissible constraints. With all this being presented, it was decided to summarize the use of PPE and protection methods in various areas of a radiographic department; x-ray room, while using mobile x-ray equipment in wards and theatres, Fluoroscopy which is a major contributor of staff dose(Bushong 2001) and CT was considered. It was decided to project these points in a tabular format within the document for simplicity and to meet the assignment brief within the imposed limitations. It also demonstrates the appropriate usage of PPE and radiation protection methods. Adequate shielding in diagnostic imaging departments both primary and secondary shielding as required by legislations, means that a radiographer is sufficiently protected from the scatter, as long as they position themselves behind the protective barrier during exposure. This point is stressed within the tabular column in the document as this is considered an important radiation protection practice. X-ray tube incorporates lead shielding to attenuate the radiation travelling in any other direction other than the useful beam. The housing of the tube have a lead equivalent of typically 2.5mm (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 1997). This greatly reduces scatter or leaked radiation exposure to staff and patient. These and other protection measures incorporated with in modern x-ray machines such as collimation, beam alignment, filtration and other manual protective measures to reduce patient dose-including specific area shielding, such as contact shields and shadow shields which provide gonadal pr otection to patients have not been discussed in the document due to the scope and constraints of the assignment. All radiation protection methods employed to reduce patient dose bring down staff exposure as well, so good radiographic practice helps achieve reduced dose to both patient and staff (Graham et al., 2007) Local rules as required by IRR 1999, to be a part of all departments which involves working with ionising radiation has been addressed in the document briefly, but they are an important resource towards radiation protection as these rules include written systems of work, including protocols and procedures for the imaging department. Details of contingency plans and the names of Radiation protection advisers(RPA) and Radiation Protection Supervisors(RPS) are contained within the rules(Graham et al.,2007) Principles of physics, pertaining to the use of lead in the preparation of shielding materials have been discussed in the assignment. Reading the document will inform the reader about the appropriate use of PPE, as to where, when and why to use these PPE. It also informs the reader the various legislations associated with radiation protection and the use of PPE in UK. It also highlights the hazards caused by ionising radiation and the need for radiation protection. Hence the assignment brief has been addressed. Radiation protection is an important subject to be considered in the diagnostic radiography department (Moores, 2006) and hence a clear understanding of radiation protection issues is important. Ionizing radiation can cause real damage to current and future generations if not dealt with carefully, hence understanding radiation protection and the correct usage of PPE in aiding radiation protection through this work is considered important. Together with a wide range of resources, the valuable experience gained during the clinical placement in a radiography department, observing the safety practices and usage of PPE in the imaging departments and critical self evaluation of methods and practices using the aid of published works has helped me arrive at the key decisions which are addressed in the document. 1

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Levels of Meaning -- Catcher Rye Essays

Levels of Meaning in The Catcher in the Rye Protected by a cocoon of naivetà ©, Holden Caulfield, the principal character in the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, therapeutically relates his lonely 24 hour stay in downtown New York city, experiencing the "phony" adult world while dealing with the death of his innocent younger brother. Through this well-developed teenage character, JD Salinger, uses simple language and dialogue to outline many of the complex underlying problems haunting adolescents. With a unique beginning and ending, and an original look at our new society, The Catcher in the Rye is understood and appreciated on multiple levels of comprehension. The book provides new insights and a fresh view of the world in which adolescents live. One way for readers to measure their level of comprehension in this story, is to explore the meaning of the title, it's effect on the book's theme and how it provides a deep look into Holden's character. Being an attention demanding tool, the title also can provide a mystery to which the reader can understand by pulling together the clues, hidden in the text. To an experienced reader, who may be familiar with the book, imagery of a catcher in the rye is apparent throughout the story. However, for a new reader the journey begins past the middle of the book. While analyzing the city around him, Holden sees a kid walking in the street "singing and humming." As Holden nears he realizes the child is signing that song, "If a body catch a body coming through the rye" in a very pretty voice, making traffic come to a screeching halt, and making Holden feel "not so depressed."(116) So far, the title's words are just a catchy song, though their repetition, at a key mo... ...ginal tune, by Robert Burns, has the line "If a body meet a body comin thro' the rye," not "If a body catch a body comin thro' the rye." This is not the first time Holden has distorted something, though this lie has meaning. The original poem talks of the love of two people meeting each other, while Holden's image is that of falling children being caught. Love is replaced by Holden protecting children, who are facing a death-like situation, a change showing how much of an impact Allie's death made on Holden's life. One might also see that Holden himself is falling out of innocence and needs a Catcher in the Rye himself, the book's central paradox. In the end any reader could say that "The Catcher in the Rye" is Holden Caulfield, though this title opens up a door into understanding his deep personality, the books theme, while exploring the central paradox.

Flaws of The British Criminal Justice System Essay examples -- Criminal

The Criminal Justice System, a system the British government set up to deal with the treatment of law-breakers, has three main goals to achieve social order, these are, (1) enforcing criminal law, (2) maintaining law and order in the society, and (3) helping victims. This may seem to be a well thought of system, but like any other organisation, there are flaws, and one of the major flaws is discrimination, and the bias that stems from discrimination. Discrimination on the basis of class, gender, sexuality and ethnicity operates at the level of attitude, on the street, in the home, at the workplace or at social venues. In regards to the Criminal Justice System, race and gender are always accounted for in court proceedings. As Smith in 1997 said, â€Å"the apparent ‘fairness’ of the criminal justice system does not mean that the outcomes will necessarily be unbiased†. Tonry in 1997 found that even though certain ethnic groups are far more often caught in the net of criminal justice than others, they have elevated rates of official offending which differ from one country to another. The major ethnic group in Britain and Wales being black people whose families originated from the Caribbean in the 1940’s. (cited in the Oxford Handbook). Black people find themselves subject to rules made for them by white people, it is also the same for other groups living in the same culture, e.g. it seems to be men th at make the rules for the women in society, even though this seems to be changing in the United States. Foreign-born people often have their rules made for them by the Protestant Anglo-Saxon minority. The middle-class seem to make all the rules which must be obeyed by the vast majority - in the schools, the courts, etc. Th... ... discrimination from the judges and magistrates who remembered the time of segregation and other similar matters, this would build up and provide a racial outlook therefore showing discrimination. Being a part of an ethnic group is seen as being a member and an important source of personal identity, it is seen to be an attack on the group as a whole when one member has been targeted. This is why there are many practical problems when trying to improve decision making procedures. The criminal justice system should take into account there are not enough minority groups in the workforce, especially the police, or the courts, so therefore try to improve the standards when dealing with offenders. Even though racism and discrimination is part and parcel of living in a society, a person’s identity as a human should be more important than the colour of the skin.

My Asl Experience

September 10th, 1994 was my first day of 6th grade. This was also the first day that I came in contact with the Deaf world. During recess, my friend Elizabeth brought out a new girl by the name of Megan Leschly. She was deaf, and her interpreter, Ms. Rosener, did not go out to recess to help her communicate. This was the day I started to learn sign language. From 6th grade to 8th grade Megan went to public school with me and all of our group of friends. We celebrated everything together, even Ms. Rosener went to her going away party we threw at my parents house.In those 3 years I saw a lot of deaf culture, and I can now see the negative side of things. Her mother (who adopted her) didn’t know sign very well, and her brothers and sisters knew the alphabet at most. Going to her house I got to see first hand the flashing lights when the phone rang, or the door bell rang, always having closed captioned on the television, getting to use the TTY operators when I called (I think they got annoyed with me a lot, because I always forgot to say, â€Å"Go ahead† at the end of my statements) and unfortunately the cold side of a family that didn’t make many other attempts to reach out to her.So looking back now, I understand why she went away to high school. The first time I’d seen Megan since 8th grade was last summer. Our mutual friend, Maria had kept in better contact with her over the years than I have, so it was natural for Maria to invite Megan to her baby shower. Megan and I talked a little bit, but not much. Just enough to realize she was moving from San Diego to Colorado to live with her sister. I was bummed, seeing I didn’t even know she was in town, much less in the same neighborhood as I was!With the magic of face book, I saw that she had moved back to town in March and we met up for coffee just to catch up on a million years. The first time we met for coffee was at Starbucks in La Jolla. (Middle ground, since she’s livin g in Carmel Mountain area now, and I’m in Pacific Beach) She brought her son, River, so I could meet him a little more. He is very shy, and clings to her like flies on poop. I told her I was taking a sign language class, and she said my sign was very good as it was but was happy that she peaked my interest in it.We talked about her mom, (who was also my 8th grade math teacher) and how she moved to Oregon with her new husband. She told me how after 8th grade she went to Model Secondary School for the Deaf. She loved the fact that she was able to learn freely. There was no barriers, which is what lead her to apply, and get accepted into Gallaudet. She graduated from Gallaudet in 2006 with a degree in Social Work and Communication Studies. Her senior year she ended up getting pregnant and hasn’t spoken to the father since graduation.I learned that she is planning on staying in San Diego because she has an excellent job at Purple Communications as a San Diego Center Superv isor. It was nice talking with Megan because I didn’t have to feel nervous about talking to a total stranger, and when I had questions about signs I felt comfortable enough to ask. I asked about raising her son, who is hearing, and she feels that she is lucky in the fact that she is a deaf mother. She can and has communicated with him from such a younger age, than many hearing parents do.She said younger children can sign before they can speak words, so she feels very grateful in that sense. That meeting at Starbucks was probably a good, solid two hours. Enough for me to drink 3 coffees and River to finish his coloring book, run around and get fidgety. I know River loves dogs, so I invited them to the San Diego Humane Walk with Henry (my Cocker Spaniel) and I. The morning of the Walk, Henry and I met River and Megan at Mission Bay around 8am.This was a good time, because we weren’t busy talking about each other or catching up. We were talking about the people at the ev ent, and I got a lot of finger spelling in trying to spell all the dog breeds names that I knew. During the walk we even met another deaf man, whose name I want to say is Gabe (I’m horrible with names), but his Boston Terriers name was definitely Pixie. Gabe and Megan talked for half a second about dogs, and what a nice day it turned out to be. We separated ways around 10am when all the raffles and the Walk was over.It is interesting to see that after learning in class, how Gallaudet teaches a lot of finger spelling and not true ASL, I see it in Megan. I would never point it out, but it was just a very interesting thing to take note of. Over all, I’m glad we had this assignment, though I would never look at Megan and think about talking to her was for a school paper. This class, made me more comfortable and more up to par with speaking with her than my jumbled up 8th grade sign language mess. From me to you, I sincerely thank you.

Manage own performance in a business environment Essay

Outcome 1: Understand how to plan and prioritise work and be accountable to others 1.1 The purpose and benefit of planning work is that it gives you a rough estimate of how long the work will take, what equipment or resources will be needed to complete the work and what budget will be needed it also makes it easier for you to plan your day to day work. If you are then asked what work you have been doing you can show them therefore being accountable for your work. 1.2 The purpose and benefits of negotiating realistic targets for work is that you can give yourself time to complete the job without giving yourself extra stress when running out of time and also making sure there is sufficient time that the job is completed to the required standard .You can do this by discussions with colleagues on how long tasks may take and planning each stage to ensure that each stage is completed on time so you know that you are keeping to the targets for the whole project to be finished on time. 1.3 It is best to prioritise targets with the most urgent tasks being high priority then work out how long each task may take and break it down into steps a diary is a good tool so you can put each step into the diary to help you keep on target. 1.4 The types of problems that can occur during work are: A higher priority task may be given to you Staff absences Equipment failure E.g. problems with computer These problems can be dealt with by informing the manager that there may be a problem with completing on time so any necessary adjustments can be made, having other members of staff available to cover absences and reporting  equipment failure to the necessary people as soon as possible as to get repairs done quickly. 1.5 It is important to keep other people informed on the progress because it helps them to see what targets have been reached and as to whether there may be a delay in completing the task. 1.6 It is important to let other people know if work plans need to be changed so that they in turn can change their work plan to ensure that the job is still completed on time and to a high standard 1.7 The benefit of recognising mistakes is to ensure that the same mistakes are not made twice, this will benefit the company be saving them time and money as the task will not need doing again. You can learn from your mistakes be recognising what you did wrong and taking steps to ensure that the same thing doesn’t happen again. 1.8 The purpose of guidelines and procedures is that, you know what has to be done and how it has to be done. There is no chance for you to go wrong, and make mistakes. The purpose of this Code of Practice is to establish clear and mutual expectations. This helps to minimise the risks and problems of personal difficulties, problems with supervision, or bad performance. Outcome 2: Understand how to behave in a way that supports effective working. 2.1The purpose of setting high standards for my own work is to enable me to do my best and therefore produce work of a high standard. 2.2Ways of setting high standards for my work involves me talking to my line manager and agreeing ways as to how I can improve my performance then each day trying to produce work of a higher standard. 2.3The best way to deal with pressure arising from work tasks is to make sure you allow your self enough time to complete tasks when nearing a  deadline and work is not completed the best way to deal with the pressure is to keep yourself disciplined and ensure you keep to your plan of work and at the same time talking to your line manager and other colleagues to explain the pressure that you are under so that between you all you can come to an arrangement to get the work completed. 2.4When a setback occurs you need to accept that this is part of life but at the same time do what is needed to try and lesson the effect of the set back on your colleagues and the company as a whole and learn from the set back to try and prevent it from happening again. 2.5It is important to be assertive so that any points or suggestions that you make are listened to and your opinion is taken seriously it is also important to be assertive so that you feel confident to say no when being given more work than you can handle this will benefit you and the company as it will reduce the pressure on yourself therefore leaving you more able to do you work to a higher standard. 2.6It is necessary to be assertive when there is the need to say no when you have high priority work to complete but are also been given more work that may not be so urgent. It is also important to be assertive in meetings and staff reviews to ensure that you get your point across so you and your colleagues are aware of your and their own goals and responsibilities. 2.7 It is important to be able to be ready to take on new challenges and adapt to change as this challenges you as a person and improves your quality of work also being able to adapt to change is important as everything in life changes especially regarding to technology so not being able to adapt will make it difficult for you to do your work efficiently therefore having a negative effect on you and the company. 2.8The purpose of treating others with honesty, respect and consideration is that when working in a team everyone needs to feel that they are being treated fairly this will enable the team to be able to run more smoothly while also building a good working relationship within the team and work  will be produced to a higher standard. 2.9Types of behaviour that show honesty, respect and consideration are: Listening to others points of view and opinions Always speaking the truth yourself Encouragement Praising colleagues on work well done Treating people fairly Respecting others feelings Types of behaviour that do not show honesty, respect and consideration are: Telling lies yourself Running people down to other members of staff Not valuing other peoples feelings Not treating everyone the same Picking fault with others work rather than using tact and diplomacy Ignoring or not listening to others points of view and opinions 2.10The purpose and benefit of helping and supporting others at work are that you are building a healthy working relationship and being an important part of a team this will enable everyone to get on well and therefore they will produce better quality work. Supporting the people you work with builds their confidence as well as your own whilst showing that you can support the team being part of the team or as their team leader.