Political Cartoon Assignment Essay

The political cartoon that I chose mainly aims towards people who are concerned about the environment and people who are against The American Clean Energy and Security Act. An every day citizen may not get the entire meaning of the cartoon if they do not know the motive behind it or do not follow politics and environmental news. The cartoon is political because it clearly states two things that weigh heavily on the minds of the public right now: tax and the environment. While this doesn’t typically necessarily mean that a cartoon would be political, the word â€Å"bill† on the page in the man’s hand points in the direction of political. The cartoon effectively shows two sides of the issue: one where the public is being told that the bill would cause a tax increase that the American consumers would ultimately have to deal with and another side where the environmentally-conscious person is saying that it’s just a scare tactic and that it would cause more good than harm for the country. At first glance, the cartoon was humorous, but the more I looked at it and began to understand what it was talking about, my thoughts began to change. Although it’s still funny, the cartoon carries a deeper meaning than just entertainment. The main thing that I felt was slight irritation that people could think that there are only two ways of looking at the issue and that people could be so concerned about taxes that they don’t even think about the environment that we’re living in. Although what is being shown is comical, the emotions behind what the artist is trying to show the viewer is not. Even if he shows that there are two sides of the issue, he still wants you to realize that economists are using the current state of the economy to play on your emotions and try to convince you that you’re ultimately hurting yourself by supporting the bill. Whether or not the artist was successful in the attempt to persuade the viewer into a way of thinking is up to the interpretation of each individual person. For me, it was successful. I was able to see the two different sides of the issue and while I understand both, I was able to draw my own conclusion and say that there needs to be some sort of middle ground. In part, the artist wants you to see how you’re being manipulated by the economists and the people that are against the bill to believe that the bill will have more of an impact on your bank account in terms of more taxes rather than having a good impact on the environment. Although I’ve always known that there are people who are against the bill, before seeing it in cartoon form, I never really realized that they really might be just a way of making people choose one or the other; the environment or your money. In terms of opening my eyes, the artist was successful.

Plan for Successful Team Building and Team Leadership Essay

Elements of Successful Team Building  · The importance of diversity should be inculcated in every member of the team to ensure respect and good working relationship.  · Engage the team members into a disclosure of who they are and where they are in relation to others. This is an act of building community within the team, which can facilitate harmony and better working relationships in spite of generational and other kinds of differences.  · Elicit commitment from team members to work towards common goals in the team and for the good of the whole organization. Team Leadership  · Understand the vision, the mission and the goals of the team for clarity of purpose and unity of the team and the organization.  · Develop the leaders of the team in good decision making and appraisal of the situation of the team. This way, they can make effective decisions even with constraints of time and resources.  · Empower the leader to be responsible and accountable and engage the team in various scenarios so as to develop greater trust in the leader and in themselves.

Max and Liesel; How Max Plays an Important Role in Liesel’s Life

The idea of a Jewish male and a German girl becoming good acquaintances is an unimaginable, punishable thought in the time that The Book Thief is written. However, Max Vandenburg and Liesel Meminger went against this abomination during this time and during their friendship Max Vandenburg gave many things to Liesel: purpose through strength, purpose in knowing that Jews are humans as well, and purpose in knowing the power of words. Max and Liesel are two similar but very different characters in The Book Thief. These two characters although conflicted find comfort in each other through seeing things in color and words, which gives Liesel a different view on varying prominent things in her life, in Germany. By better understanding how Max and Liesel compare and differ in character a reader can determine how Max’s life gives Liesel purpose through making her stronger, showing her the brutality of the Nazi’s, and showing her the power of words. Liesel becomes stronger emotionally through having a shared feeling of abandonment between Max and her from their past experiences. After she and Max Vandenburg share their nightmares in the basement of the Hubermann’s, Liesel begins to deal with her nightmares by herself and to not let them envelop her. Liesel also realizes through these stories of Max’s experiences that if he can fight for his life everyday and live by running then she can persevere through her nightmares and be stronger. By keeping some emotions inside her, like fear and love, she helps adjust to relying on just herself which is shown in the ending of the book, â€Å"Hot tears fought for room in her eyes as she would not let them out. Better to stand resolute and proud† (Zusak 512). Having strength also gave her a voice allowing her to stand up to different people and change people’s minds in very intricate ways. As Liesel became stronger it led her to have more of a purpose in different ways and she finds new reasons to live. One of the most prominent of differences between the two characters is physical; Max is Jewish and Liesel is German. As the book is set during the time period of World War II in Germany, the separation between the Jews and the Aryan race is an outstanding factor in people’s lives. Liesel overcame the sense of being hypnotized to the Furher’s words through Max and their friendship. Beginning to realize the brutality of the Nazi’s and the nature of the Jews, Liesel changes her mind about the Nazi government, allowing her to not be as easily swayed by the propaganda of the dictator of Germany. People begin to realize the innocence and the lack of prejudice in a child especially through Liesel as she grew older, â€Å"She was a Jew feeder without a question in the world on a man's first night in Molching† (Zusak 532). This gives Liesel purpose to show other Germans the same realization that both those of the Aryan Race and the Jewish people are human and they can share the same interests as each other. Through Max’s and Liesel’s shared love of books and writing Max gives Liesel the extensive knowledge of the power of words. For the rest of her life she cherishes this knowledge, â€Å"She was still holding onto the words who had saved her life† (Zusak 499). Words not only helped her and Max, but she found her true calling in comforting people through reading to them. â€Å"The Standover Man† and â€Å"The Word Shaker† allows Liesel to see the effects of words on her through someone else’s eyes as well as the effect of her words on someone else. Max shows her that she too has made him stronger and he accepts several troubles in his life. Through recognizing this it gives Liesel purpose and eventually led her to write a book on her own called â€Å"The Book Thief†. Soon after Max leaves the Hubermann household Liesel finds out the reason she steals books and why they mean so much to her, giving her stealing a purpose as well. The knowledge of words from Max really contributes to Liesel’s purpose in life and allows Liesel to grow as a person by knowing the effect of words on people. Max gives Liesel a different outlook on different things in her life like her bad experiences, the German government, and words. Liesel becomes stronger as she begins to realize that compared to Max she is without struggle in her life. She sees that before she met Max Vandenburg she was devoted to the ways of the Nazi’s and now seeing what they have done to those like Max, she changes her ways. Also, the biggest thing Max has bestowed on Liesel is showing her the power of words; this gives Liesel true purpose in giving her the power to comfort and harm people through both reading and writing. The relationship between Max and Liesel is a great marvel in Markus Zusak’s, The Book Thief, and is a huge turning point in the book as well.

Healthy eating in young people 13 to 19, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy eating in young people 13 to 19, - Essay Example Actually unhealthy eating patterns are associated with the leading causes of death due to coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, stroke, and type-2 diabetes. Nutritional factors also are linked to osteoporosis, and are the major fundamental cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women and elderly people. Various nutritional factors are included in correlation between nutrition and health. The main concern is that consumption of more saturated fat and less consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grain products that are high in vitamins and minerals, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, that are significant to good health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Healthy eating add to an overall sense of well-being, and is the basis in the prevention of various conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, and asthma. Particularly for children and young people, healthy eating is important for the prevention of the above degenerative diseases, healthy growth and cognitive development. Eating habits cultivated during this period are likely to be continued into adulthood, emphasize the importance of encouraging healthy eating practice. It is recommend consumption of at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, reduced intakes of saturated fat and salt and increased consumption of complex carbohydrates. However, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables in the UK is only about three portions a day. Recent studies show that an alarming numbers of obese and overweight children and young people are on the rise. To tackle the ‘epidemic’ of obesity an effective health promotion policy is essential (Shepherd, et al. 2005). The food with nutritional value is one of the key factors influencing health. If people eat healthily, they can stay away from many preventable diseases and can live long. Many countries have started to promote healthier eating, and are concerned about the fast-food

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

ART - Essay Example Some portions have smooth textures – those areas where the interweaving takes place; but there are also sections that appear to have coarse feel and appearance – areas near the horn-like edge right on its crest. The sculpture takes a relatively miniature scale of some symbolic gothic structures of Greece or Italy. It is quite symmetrical although there are fragments that look distorted, perhaps because of age; and the colour is much more saturated than pale. I think that there is an original intention to express oldness or flow of time. The sculpture overall resembles a diminutive figure of an archaic piece of structure that is adhered by the wild vines or some type of lianas or trailing plants. This adherence is emphasized in order to retain the underlying meaning of this particular artwork, that is, â€Å"the fleeting of time†, regardless of the extent at which this artwork shall exist. The inscription of some unfamiliar scripts or symbols relate to the interweaving vines in that it suggests of the aimed oldness of the artwork, whether it is a representation of another piece of art of a larger scale or it is the sculpture itself. Another magnificent piece of art was made by Mahonri Young. The geometry of the sculpture is rather consolidated because it uses human figures to convey its message. It is quite difficult to display an overwhelming geometrical clarity or symmetry when using human figures. The colour is highly saturated. It stresses on the boldness of colour that corresponds to the nature of the sports being depicted. Not much contrast in colour is shown on the sculpture. It is small in scale. It has a very smooth texture and is even all throughout. Perhaps, it is because of the material being used. There is a subtle connection between the colour and the description of the sculpture. It portrays a bloody sport, which is, boxing. Its use of a duskier shade somehow unveils the concealed meaning of the artwork. Moreover, the definite muscular

Social movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social movements - Essay Example Marxism is defined by Wikipedia as the philosophical, social theory and political practice based on the works of Karl Marx, a known proponent of a social revolution to achieve full transformation of the state from capitalism to socialism. Its aim is to achieve equal distribution of wealth to all members of the society. This is totally opposite to the theory of capitalism that is often the system observed in western countries. Here, the labor force is treated as the major factor in the production of wealth rather than capital which is held only by a few. Existentialism on the other hand is a philosophical movement that gives meaning to human's existence in this world and seeks to value one's existence. Here, the meaning of life is given paramount consideration over other aspects such as politics, economy and sciences. It is opposed to the western's ideology on rationalism. Its core idea is that reality is not the consciousness but "being in this world." The first three principles are somehow related to each other in the sense that nationalism is the moving force behind the pursuit to industrialization and Marxism. Thus, it is nationalism that justifies the continued attempts to fully industrialize the economy and to distribute the wealth of the nation.

How the Mongol Empire Conquered Topography Essay

How the Mongol Empire Conquered Topography - Essay Example That is to say, the people living within this landlocked area have historically been bestowed with a choice of inhabiting three biomes: Desert, Mountains, or cold Taga. As these are similarly difficult to settle in and survive, the Mongols led nomadic patterns along the steppe - those mid-areas at the cusp of Mountain plateaus, off the lines of parched expanses. This steppe of the Gobi desert can be characterized as rocky lands covered in layers of sand. The Mongol civilization developed as one of the world's first nomadic groups, cradled between mountain and desert. But here is where also developed one of Asia's most powerful empires. The contradiction is intriguing. What would nomadic tribes endlessly wandering undulating terrain have to do with the powerful Mongol Empire, which under the rule of Genghis Khan, moved armies across huge expanses of terrain, despite difficult topography, to conquer adjacent civilizations to the east and west Many maintain that was precisely the work of Genghis Khan and his closest successors, including Kublai Khan. Indeed, the height of the Mongols really only lasted from the 13th to the 14th century. Other factors pertaining to how the Mongols dealt with their geography come into play, for example, the methods they used for centuries to move across terrain, climate patterns, and population density. For centuries Mongols were known as pastoralists and nomads. Mongol tribes appeared around 500 BC, already carrying their proportion of horses.1 They wandered, while in nearby lands of China, people were beginning their Imperial Era as early as 220 BC.2 On the steppe, the Mongols herded cattle along Gobi oases, seldom traveling in clans larger than one or two families.3 In comparison to the frozen Mongol development, civilization boomed quite effortlessly south of the steppe. Within the fertile river basins of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, China's multiple units successfully accommodated a mixed economy of commerce, farming, handicrafts and pastoralism. Internal competition also allowed science and technology as well as literature and art to thrive on the East Asian Mainland. This was known as "a hundred flowers blossoming" (baijia zhengming, literally "a grand song contest with one hundred contenders").4 But meanwhile in nomadic ambling across a rocky desert, trudging through shifting sands, the Mongols carried out their civilization, seemingly without a trace. For hundreds of years, up to 600-800 A.D., the Mongols had still left little evidence of their cultural existence, in terms of pottery or cultivation, and settled in not a single village.5 It has been said that Genghis Khan made the Moguls a strong empire by first unifying the Mongolian tribes. Previously known as Tem Jin, then "Granted the title Genghis Khan, he reorganized the Mongolian military and established the civil laws of his empire. His reforms included breaking tribal armies, implementing a meritocracy, developing a cavalry and a code of written laws".6 The interesting aspect of this quotation is in the explication of tribal activities. By converting many tribes into a single unified people, and then extinguishing individual clan ties, Genghis Khan ensured that the Mongols would become an empire by removing all

Constitutional Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Constitutional Rights - Research Paper Example These inherent rights have never been more happily expressed than in the declaration of independence, that new evangel of liberty to the people: "We hold these truths to be self-evident" -- that is, so plain that their truth is recognized upon their mere statement -- "that all men are endowed" -- not by edicts of emperors, or decrees of Parliament, or acts of Congress, but "by their Creator with certain inalienable rights" -- that is, rights which cannot be bartered away, or given away, or taken away, except in punishment of crime -- "and that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and to secure these" -- not grant them, but secure them -- "governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." (Butchers Union v. Crescent City Co., 1884) The reader should study that passage carefully and read it several times. Slowly read it out loud, listening carefully to the words. What is the difference between ordinary rights and so-called â€Å"Constitutional Rights†? There is no difference, except that those rights enumerated and guaranteed in the US Constitution get more attention. Breathing is not a Constitutionally protected activity, yet the Declaration of Independence clearly claimed a â€Å"right to life† exists. The Supreme Court has repeatedly claimed to have found a right to privacy, yet we find no such concept enumerated in the articles or amendments of the Constitution. In the US the Supreme Court is the final arbiter of what your rights are. Pay careful attention to what they have to say. There are many rights, but the issue is focusing on rights that are generally acknowledged to both exist and be â€Å"fundamental† rights. Not knowing one’s rights, one cannot protest when they are violated and lacking a timely objection the courts consider the matter to be waived. We shall discuss in the following report a few critical rights that anyone, post arrest and post conviction,

Identity theft through the use of the internet and how businesses and Literature review

Identity theft through the use of the internet and how businesses and people are affected by its continuous threats - Literature review Example In the end, the mission critical data is compromised, resulting in severe losses for organizations. Generally, the business functions and processes, which exist electronically and digitally within the organization needs to be protected. The people who use Internet, provides a lot of personal information on the Internet in order to perform banking, registration, subscription, purchasing a product or service. The personal information has enormous dimensions to get extracted and become vulnerabilities. One of the most common threats in the context of misusing personal information is identity theft A network dictionary demonstrate the concepts of Identity theft as â€Å"Identity theft is a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personal information, such as Social Security or driver’s license numbers, in order to impersonate someone else. The information can be used to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim, or to provide the thief with false credentials.† In order to protect identities of the customer, organization need to protect and manage identities. A good definition of identity management is illustrated in the network dictionary as â€Å"Identity Management is an integrated system of business processes, policies and technologies that enable organizations to facilitate and control their users’ access to critical online applications and resources while protecting confidential personal and business information from unauthorized users†. In the code of deferral regulations (CFR), identity theft is defined as a fraud that is conducted by using the identity information of another person without permission. Identity theft can also contribute to other crimes. For instance, identify theft is successful in document fraud, bank fraud, immigration fraud and in the form of burglary and robbery. Consequently, the challenges for eliminating identity theft including victimization, offending and prosecution rate s, needs to be considered by the congress, as these threats are arising by the contribution of identity theft and related crimes (Finklea 2009). Online privacy policy is of great concern, when considering identity theft as privacy policies of some websites does not satisfy the users for disclosing their personal data. There is no undertaking from the website owner for securing the contents provided by the user online. This is one area, which needs research and improvement, in order to provide a mechanism of securing data privacy, policies that are implemented by web services to ease privacy concerns associated with information related to their clients and adhere to legislative measures. Moreover, this also involves the undertaking for personal data usage including, what organizations would do or not with the personal information of their clients. This is crucial as some websites may sell personal information of their clients to cyber criminals or other competitors in terms of cash. This personal information is substantial for online cyber criminals to extract and guess passwords and retrieve credit card numbers, once they break into the email account of users. In order to eliminate identity theft appropriate measures are required. Identity theft is categorized into two domains i.e. Physical identity theft and

Personal Letter to University Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to University - Personal Statement Example The best reason for me to pursue university studies (say, post-secondary education) is to correlate my career interests and personal interests under a single roof. My personal experience with inequalities in our (Afghanistan) society forced me to take a pledge to make use of every opportunity to serve the needy. As the wide gap between rich and poor is getting wider, the role of a social worker is crucial. Besides, as a person who represents third world countries, I am well aware of the fact that my responsibility is high. So, my plan is to acquire the skills and knowledge that the undergraduate program in social work can offer in order to make a difference in the world. Therefore, I have chosen to pursue a post-secondary education in Bachelor of Social Work because this course can help me materialize my personal and career goals. As a person with intense admiration towards social work, my preferred area of study is Social Work and I am applying for Bachelor of Social Work at the York University. My future career goals are deeply rooted in my personal experiences. For example, my personal experience in my motherland, i.e. Afghanistan motivated me a lot to pursue a career in social work. My ethnic identity as a person from Afghanistan, which faces the fame/problem of internal insurgencies, natural calamities, insufficiency in infrastructure development, poor living condition of the citizens, etc force me to be in the forefront of social work. I feel quite sure that a generation with education and unending aspiration towards social work can transform the future of my nation. Now that I have moved to Canada, there still remains the urge in me to serve the society within my private and public domain. Ming-sum Tsui in the work ‘Social work supervision: contexts and concepts’ makes clear that training programs conducted by universities transformed the formal social work scenario (Tsui 7). Thus, the most important motivation for my decision to

Origin of Oceania and Tradition Essay Example for Free

Origin of Oceania and Tradition Essay The Origin and the navigational techniques used by islanders to travel over large Open Ocean has given question to academic writers, on how the islanders are able to travel and settle in this remote part of the earth. Pacific Islanders used traditional navigational knowledge to travel against storms and current on Pacific Ocean over past centauries, by using canoes. This essay will discuss the two theory of migration with archaeological evidence of origin, the traditional techniques of navigation shared by Steve, and it will state, why and how the ancient navigation is more favored than modern navigation. There are theories that explain how Pacific islanders had settled over the years by people who came to our region at various times. One classical example of such theory is by Andrew Sharp, who stated through his hypotheses that Hawaiian were settled by voyagers on a drifting canoe blown of its course while sailing between closed spaced islands (unit 2 Arrival). However, some of the debated theories has been disapproved due to archaeological evidence and traditional navigational knowledge. The two wave of migration was later believed to be true into Pacific, when it was proven with evidence by archeologist Roger Green. It was stated that ancient theory of migration was occurred around 40,000 years ago and the second wave of migration in the pacific was occurred around 3000 to 4000 years ago (unit 2 Arrival). The first theory of migration refers to the group that entered the Pacific and settled at Huon Peninsula and the high lands of New Guinea and later migrate to bigger Islands in the Pacific such as the Solomon, the Bismarck and Vanuatu. They were named as â€Å"Near Oceania†. This ancient migration is supported by the slow boat model of migration where Near Oceania mingled, this can be seen through, intermarriage of islanders and they are widely populated. The second wave of migration, was occurred around 3000-4000 years ago which it was believed that they were originated from Southeast Asia. According to Gibbons, Beellwoods argues that archaeological evidence has trace the uniqueness of pottery that are seen in Vanuatu and New Caledonia, and later in Fiji around 300 years ago and they believed that these people then migrate far east with the red -slipped pottery decorated with geometric pattern to Tonga and other Islands (Gibbons, 2001). From these two migration theories, archaeological evidence and the DNA of Y chromosomes of the Pacific islanders, it had proven that the inhabitants of the Pacific, had Originated from south east Asia. Furthermore, Oral knowledge is equally valid as written knowledge, by looking at how early inhabited Islanders had travel the open Ocean, using various navigational techniques. Steve from Ulithi of Federated state of Micronesia has discussed the ideas of traditional navigational skills that are pass down by their ancestors through chants and oral histories. Steve explained navigational techniques, by displaying seven shells on a mat as a teaching venue in which, it represents stars and islands. As Steve had stated, a navigator should know the names, the position of the stars in terms of direction and which star for an islands (unit 2 Arrival). Navigational chants help navigators to memories directions when they are confused or meet storms that move them from their position of the destination. Weather condition and the sky itself also give suitable time to travel as well as when to travel within a year. As a navigator, it is important to know the bearing by using land reference as a guide line to and from where the destination is heading until the island disappears from the horizon. However, when unfavorable weather approaches, sailors have to put down sail, roll it up, adjust mast to be straight, secure up ropes, and balance the canoe to keep it afloat on the water (unit 2 Arrival). Additionally, when a storm approaches a navigator should know where the wind is heading or come from, and observe the current of waves in order to locate the right direction. According to Andrade, a navigator is like an eye of the canoe, by keeping the vessel on the course, using the appearance of the heavenly bodies such as the moon, planet and the sun through oral knowledge. Assessing the two sailing techniques, the modern way and the ancient way of navigation, the ancient navigational technology is more preferred than the modern technology. This is because; ancient way of navigation doesn’t need technical people or qualification to travel the open ocean as compared to modern way. For instance, early islanders equip with chants, oral knowledge and navigational skills to search far distance Islands in the Pacific Ocean with food, water, animal and other important plants. Most importantly, preserving and learning the techniques of ancient navigational techniques is the matter of concern, in order for the Islanders to pass this knowledge from one generation to another. Additionally, ancient navigation helps native Islanders to know natural things around them through observing, the color of sky, the movement of waves and the wind and the position of the stars. To conclude, there are debated theories of how the Islanders had settled in the Pacific over the past years. Through archeological evidence and DNA tests, it has known that the early Pacific islanders had settled in the Pacific through two wave of migration. Steve from Ulithi had shared important techniques of navigation through understanding the nature such as the stars, the sky and the waves in order to navigate the open ocean. Thus, many Pacific Islands relied on oral knowledge and beliefs in terms of chants, history and myths, which are equally valid as written knowledge. As a result, the ancient navigation techniques are more favored than the modern navigation technique.

Eiserhowers significance in civil rights Essay Example for Free

Eiserhowers significance in civil rights Essay How significant was Dwight D Eisenhower in improving civil rights for African Americans during his presidency (1953-1961)? Eisenhower was both partially significant and not, regarding improving civil rights during his presidency. Reason being, Ike was criticized for a variety of decisions he made. Arthur Larson emphasised that he had a â€Å"failure to speak out†. However, David Greenberg believed Eisenhower was significant and stated that it â€Å"was his judicial nominees who made the revolution possible†. Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States (1953-1961) and presided during key moments xin the civil rights movements including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Brown v Board act, The Little Rock 9 and the Civil Rights Act of 1957. He was a republican and believed that each state should have their own laws and cases shouldn’t have to be dealt with by the president. These events lead to many historians and people to question whether Eisenhower was effectively managing the cases and how significant he was to change in Civil Rights for African Americans. Although Eisenhower’s significance was strongly opposed by many, he clearly played a huge part in improving civil rights for African Americans. The judgement of the Brown v Board case was really significant in improving civil rights for African Americans. Eisenhower’s appointment of Earl Warren as Chief Justice of Supreme Court was really significant. Earl Warren was pro civil rights and desegregation and stated that â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal†. This statement was due to the fact that blacks weren’t being given the same opportunities as white children at school. He knew they had the same potential but weren’t provided with mutual resources. This was in favour Oliver Brown’s case and the Supreme Court was in favour of equality in both races. This progress meant that Eisenhower made huge significance towards improving Civil Rights as it was him who appointed Earl Warren and this wasn’t the first time that there were equal opportunities for black children in school. However, Ike described appointing Earl Warren as â€Å"The biggest mistake I ever made†. This suggests that he wasn’t happy about the outcome of the case and that he had conflicting ideas in comparison to Earl, regarding the Civil Rights. This signifies that Eisenhower was disappointed that the case had finished at a quick pace and didn’t like the changes that actually happened. Although he said he regretted it, he still did an extremely significant thing by employing Earl Warren as it helped improve Civil Rights. Going back to a previous quote, Smith stated that his â€Å"judicial nominees who made the revolution possible†. In this case, Smith is obviously referring to Eisenhower’s appointment of the judge Earl Warren as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Earl Warren was an extremely respected man and was given a big role in being responsible to fight for Oliver Brown’s case. This reinforces the fact that Eisenhower’s employment of Earl Warren was a major factor in improving Civil Rights. Another key event that was important throughout Eisenhower’s presidency was the intervention at Little Rock. Eisenhower stated that the â€Å"mob rule cannot be allowed to override the decisions of our courts† which was encouraging as it meant that he wouldn’t allow African American’s to be threatened in school, a place where people should learn and feel safe, not terrified. This was hugely significant as it proved that Eisenhower was determined to desegregate schools and have a positive change for African Americans. Eisenhower also stated that â€Å"leniency can encourage defiance†. This also showed that Eisenhower was motivated to lure everyone into changing their racist ways as he demanded everyone to stay strong. This shows improvement to Eisenhower’s attitude. This is significant as, since he was the President, the fact he said this would have encouraged everyone to be brave and fight discrimination. However, Eisenhower confronted that â€Å"our enemies gloated over this incident† which shows that Eisenhower only acted due to the fact of the Cold War and he didn’t want other Countries to see America in a negative perspective. This shows that Eisenhower didn’t act from free will, he was concerned about other people’s views and so reacted. Overall, in regards to the intervention at Little Rock, Eisenhower was extremely effective. On the other hand, Eisenhower also acted in ways that weren’t significant in improving Civil Rights for African Americans. In key events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Sit-ins and Freedom Rides he didn’t act at all however in Little Rock 9 he was forced to act due to the opinions of other countries and people regarding America which was shown when he stated â€Å"our enemies are gloating over this incident† as he intervened due to other’s opinions. He also had the opinion that â€Å"there is a state law on boycotts†. This shows that he was a republican and believed all cases should be dealt with by the government, not the president. This links with the fact that Eisenhower was quite laid back as he believed it wasn’t his responsibility to deal with problems. James Farmer stated â€Å"we planned the freedom rides with the intention of creating a crisis† which shows they wanted to provoke a reaction from Eisenhower. This did alert Eisenhower, however, because of his laid back attitude he didn’t intervene which caused a delay in the improvement of civil rights, showing he wasn’t significant. Eisenhower wasn’t significant because of his personal beliefs. He privately stated that â€Å"making people do things by force is plain nuts†. This shows how Eisenhower had an attitude that people should do what they want without people interfering. This shows that Eisenhower wasn’t significant because if he had used his power as president correctly he could have made a big difference. This is seen in the quote by the historian David Greenberg the â€Å"Fight for civil rights†¦ demanded the use of the bully pulpit† which shows that historians consider his failure to intervene to have been a massive set back to the civil rights movement. Historian Roy Wilkins said â€Å"if he fought the Second World War like he fights for civil rights, we would all be speaking German right now†. This shows that Eisenhower is not the best person to have in a position of authority. This clearly states that he didn’t put in much effort regarding fighting for civil rights. Showing he wasn’t a good leader and so is insignificant. To conclude, after analysing a range of sources, both negative and positive, we can see that Eisenhower was significant in improving the lives of African Americans during his presidency. He presided over key events, most importantly, the appointment of Earl Warren and The Little Rock 9. Although, some may say he only acted due to pressure from other countries, this does not change the fact that he played a huge part in improving civil rights for African Americans. Under the presidency of Eisenhower things did change, no matter if he was forced to do it or not, he still helped improve Civil Rights for African Americans which is all that matters. As Roy Wilkins stated, â€Å"if he fought the second World War like he fights for civil rights, we would be speaking German right now† which shows he didn’t put in much effort in improving Civil Rights for African Americans.

Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Lynnette Chan Do Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Negatively Affect Memory? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most common antidepressants prescribed to treat moderate to severe depression. SSRIs increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in the brain by blocking serotonin reuptake. Compared to other antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), SSRIs are more selective and have fewer side effects. In addition to affecting emotional moods, SSRIs can also affect food and sex related behaviors, resulting in side effects such as weight gain and reduced sexual drive (Mayo Clinic). However, recent studies indicate that serotonin also plays a â€Å"significant role in learning and memory† (Buhot, Martin, Segu 210). Given serotonin’s lack of specialized function, can SSRIs negatively affect memory function as a side effect? To answer this question, this paper will establish the association between SSRIs and serotonin levels, and then examine the relationship between SSRI use and impaired or improved memory. Since depression has been linked to a shortage of serotonin neurotransmissions, antidepressants should increase 5-HT levels. But in a comprehensive review on the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus, R. Mongeau, P. Blier, and C. de Montigny found that successful SSRI treatments show both an increase and decrease of 5-HT neurotransmissions (178). This finding is unusual because SSRIs inhibit 5-HT reuptake to increase 5-HT levels and should not result in decreased 5-HT neurotransmissions. As decreased 5-HT levels do appear in successful treatments utilizing SSRIs, there must be additional factors involved in mood elevation within the serotonergic system. Regardless of the exact mechanism that allow SSRIs to treat depressive symptoms, SSRIs do increase and decrease 5-HT neurotransmissions in the brain. While the exact mechanism of how 5-HT levels affect mood remains unclear, SSRI use and changes in 5-HT levels have been linked to memory impairment. In a study investigating the role of serotonin in memory impairment, Marie-Christine Buhot, Stephanie Martin, and Louis Segu found that serotonergic activity in the brain affects memory and learning differently depending on the stimulation or inhibition of different 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study found that stimulation of the 5-HT2A/2C or 5-HT4 receptor subtypes, or inhibition of the 5-HT1A or 5-HT3 or 5-HT1B receptor subtypes improved memory and learning in high-cognitive activities (210). 5-HT receptor subtypes are differentiated by their relative distributions in the brain and their cellular locations, differentiations that explain the various effects of 5-HT receptor subtypes. For example, the 5-HT1A receptor subtype is largely concentrated in the hippocampus and interacts with the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic syste ms (Buhot, Martin, Segu 214). As a result, stimulating 5-HT1A receptors impairs memory. The Buhot study confirms that serotonin affects memory function and is dependent on the stimulation or inhibition of different 5-HT receptor types or subtypes. The Buhot study examined the neurotransmitter mechanisms of serotonin and memory, but it did not examine the effect of specific SSRI antidepressants on memory. In a study on the effect of short-term use of SSRIs on cognitive brain function, Jeroen A. J. Schmitt, Monique J. Kruzinga, and Wim J. Riedel found that the positive and negative effects SSRIs have on memory is caused by interactions with external neurotransmitter systems. The study conducted tests with sertraline and paroxetine, the two â€Å"most potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake† available at the time of the study (Schmitt, Kruzinga, Riedel 173). They found that paroxetine contributed to long-term memory impairment, an effect attributed to paroxetine’s additional anticholinergic properties. On the other hand, sertraline only slightly improved verbal fluency, an effect attributed to sertraline’s additional dopaminergic effects. Although this study agrees with the Buhot study that additional neurot ransmitter interactions in serotonergic pathways contribute or prevent memory impairment, the Buhot study attributes memory functions to serotonin while the Schmitt study does not. Both the Buhot and Schmitt studies argue that SSRIs influence memory, but the two studies disagree on the mechanism that causes memory improvement and impairment. In a study examining the short-term use of the SSRI citalopram and the SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) reboxetine and their effect emotional memory and perception, Catherine J. Harmer, Nicholas C. Shelley, Philip J. Cowen, and Guy M. Goodwin found that both citalopram and reboxetine decreased the memory and perception of negative emotions in comparison to positive emotion. Additionally, citalopram use lowered startle responses to displays of negative emotion. Unlike the Buhot and Schmitt study, this study claims that SSRI’s side effect on emotional memory and perception is actually the mechanism that makes SSRIs effective antidepressants. Perhaps SSRIs help strengthen memories of positive emotions with increased 5-HT concentrations and weaken memories of negative emotions with decreased 5-HT concen trations at different 5-HT receptor subtypes to contribute to mood elevation and regulation. SSRIs have a recognized role in memory and learning. The Buhot study argues that memory can be strengthened or weakened depending on the inhibition or stimulation of different 5-HT receptor subtypes, characterized by location and neurotransmitter pathways. On the other hand, the Schmitt study argues that SSRIs effect on memory is not caused by 5-HT levels, but by the additional effects of other neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, the Harmer study argues that the strengthening and weakening of emotional memory and perception contributes to the antidepressant properties of SSRIs. In conclusion, SSRIs can both impair and improve memory, depending on the SSRI type and their interactions with 5-HT receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter pathways. SSRIs have been confirmed to affect memory and cognitive function, but further research is required to determine the exact mechanism of how different SSRIs affect neurotransmitters and mood. Research can explore the degree of memory impairment caused by SSRIs, and examine the neurotransmitter systems that interact most with the serotonergic system to better define neurotransmitter function. Future research can also focus on developing new antidepressants by exploring the neurotransmission systems that interact with SSRIs. Hopefully, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of memory and the role of neurotransmitters can also provide better insight on neurodegenerative disorders that affect memory, such as Alzheimers disease. Works Cited Buhot, Marie-Christine, Stà ©phanie Martin, and Louis Segu. Role of Serotonin in Memory Impairment. Annals of Medicine 32.3 (2000): 210-21. Informa Healthcare. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/07853890008998828>. Harmer, Catherine J., Nicholas C. Shelley, Philip J. Cowen, and Guy M. Goodwin. Increased Positive Versus Negative Affective Perception and Memory in Healthy Volunteers Following Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition. American Journal of Psychiatry 161.7 (2004): 1256-263. American Journal of Psychiatry. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1256>. Mayo Clinic. Depression (major Depressive Disorder). Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). January 1, 2015. Accessed March 18, 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825. Mongeau, R., P. Blier, and C. De Montigny. The Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Systems of the Hippocampus: Their Interactions and the Effects of Antidepressant Treatments. Brain Research Reviews 23.3 (1997): 145-95. Science Direct. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165017396000173>. Schmitt, Jeroen A. J., Monique J. Kruizinga, and Wim J. Riedel. Non-serotonergic Pharmacological Profiles and Associated Cognitive Effects of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Journal of Psychopharmacology 15.3 (2001): 173-79. Sage Journals. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://jop.sagepub.com/content/15/3/173.short>.

Things Fall Apart Essay examples -- English Literature Essays

Things Fall Apart An African man, Chinua Achebe, wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart, at the age of 26. The story portrays his theme of life, when one thing stands another stands beside it. The main character, Okonkwo, lead a somewhat complicated life. As it began, it was ruled by courage and strength, but he chose to end it with a weak escape from every challenge he had ever been given, suicide. As his life began he was given nothing. His father, Unoka, was a disgrace to Umuofia. He was extremely lazy, and more in debt than anyone could even remember. Okonkwo worked extremely hard for everything he had ever had in his possession. He began his fame at a very young age, as a wrestler. His victory with Amalinze, the cat, was the beginning of his successful life. He harvested all of his crops alone, with no help. He was a strong and courageous warrior, as well as leader. When the Priestess of Agbala took his daughter, Ezinma, he followed behind, showing that he cared. This also counteracts the fact that, â€Å"He had a slight stammer and whenever he was angry and could not get his words out quickly enough, he would use his fists.† (Achebe 4) He was known for his fiery temper, which on occasion acted out unnecessarily. On one instance he beat his wife, Ojiugo, merely because she didn’t have his food ready. In the outcome of an ultimatum with Mbaino, Umuofia was give n a young boy, Ikemefuna. Okonkwo took care of Ikemefuna for three years, but when Ezeudu said, â€Å"That boy calls you...

Profiling an Entrepreneur :: Business Management

Profiling an Entrepreneur Psychological profiling has become a science within law enforcement. The behavioral patterns of individuals have been categorized by age, sex, race, national origin and birth order just to name a few. Some people are great leaders, organizers, workers, and followers, but the entrepreneur remains as one of the most elusive psychological profiles in the world. Everyone can point to an entrepreneur, but psychologists have had trouble profiling an entrepreneur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As referenced in the Journal of Managerial Psychology 5.2 in a research article written by Chad Perry entitled After Further Sightings of the Heffalump, the entrepreneur is compared to the Heffalump, a mythical creature, that as â€Å"He has not yet been caught and, indeed, we may still lack a reliable description of what he looks like,† he avoids description by those who are not entrepreneurs. This research was conducted to test the 1971 hypothesis of Kilby, that the entrepreneur still lacks descriptive profiling. (Perry, 1990, pg.22) The problem arises from the fact that psychologists are as psychologically disparate from the entrepreneur, as humans are from the Heffalump. An accurate profile is beyond the capacity of psychologists to describe. That is because normal human emotions cannot be interchanged with the psychological makeup of the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are born with inherit traits that defy normal human emotions. They can feel a coarse of action in business, much like a composer can feel a symphony before he hears the final score. The article by Chad Perry was able to discuss variations within the sub-categories of entrepreneurs, as to small business owners versus those who have taken their companies to the next step, such as a public stock offering called an IPO. I am uniquely aware of the entrepreneurial spirit, as my father is such a person. I work with him in his business of selling beds. I see his style and his work ethic of 10 hours a day, seven days a week.

Transformation in Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison Essay -- Song of So

  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, the relationships between whites and blacks are a main theme. Throughout the whole novel Morrison adds her own opinions toward the race problems that the characters of Not Doctor Street experience. Poverty is another big issue in the novel and many of the main characters struggle financially. Money becomes a means of escape for many of the characters, especially Milkman and Guitar. For both men their quests for gold leaves them empty handed, but their personalities changed. Milkman’s quest was to be independent, especially since he was still living with his parents. Milkman however, was not poor. His family was considered one of the most financially comfortable black families in town. He was the spoiled son and it was galling but easy to work for his father, easy to be waited on hand and foot by his mother and sisters, far easier than striking out on his own. So his idea of freedom was not really one of working to suppor t himself, but simply having easy money given to him, and not having to give anything to anyone in return. It was his father Macon Jr. who informed Milkman of the possibility of Pilate having millions of dollars in gold wrapped in a green tarp that was suspended from her ceiling. The hidden gold was in Milkman’s opinion his only ticket out of Not Doctor Street, his way of having his own possessions, being free from his parents lending hand. For Guitar it was a way to escape and fund his Seven Days mission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though gold was the initial desire, Milkman was able to forget about his quest for money, because his quest for his family history eventually brought him more wealth and happiness than the gold ever would have. When Milkman gives up in his search for gold, he puts himself on a path to discovering his own self, who Milkman was apart from his family. This discovery is what allows him to â€Å"fly† or fall from the cliff at the end of the novel. Guitar however was not able to forget the gold; he believes Milkman has betrayed him so he sets off to follow and to murder his best friend. Poverty led many people like Guitar to join the Seven Days, a racial group that avenges injustices committed against African-Americans by murdering innocent whites. Why if racism and injustice towards blacks rather than economic injustice motivated the group, are all of its member’s poor?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Initially Milkman... ...is past, as well as the mistakes of the people in his community. Milkman fights the oppression much like his great grandfather does by rising above it, and by soaring over his own oppression. Since he used a non-violent stance I felt this could represent Martin Luther King Jr. who helped African Americans to rise above oppression as well. Although he doesn’t bring a change of masses, Milkman himself has changed, and through time he can show others how to ride the wind. Milkman helps to show that flying does not have to be seen as a physical action, but as an ability an individual has to make a life away from oppression, in a world that oppresses many. An individual flying in the novel is seen as a victory over all the obstacles one has to hurdle in life. It’s the character of the individual that determines whether or not you surrender to the wind and fly, or if you stay on the Earth wondering why things never change. Bibliography LeClair, Thomas. "The Language Must Not Sweat: A Conversation with Toni Morrison." Taylor-Guthrie 119-128. Rushdy, Ashraf H.A. "'Rememory': Primal Scenes and Constructions in Toni Morrison's Novels." Contemporary Literature 31.3 (1990): 300-323.

Environmental Impacts of Airport Operations

Lutehr’s article focuses on the importance of understanding the environmental impacts of airport operations at both local and international level.According to Lutehr, only by having senior airport management develop such understanding would help in improving environmental quality and relations with airport neighborhood and stakeholders. Lutehr further argues that Airport management should ensure that various stakeholder groups are involved in matters pertaining to airport pollution and therefore agree on ways of pollution control.The most important stakeholder groups include airport neighborhoods that get affected by pollution and airlines whose activities lead to the pollution itself. Lutehr states water quality, noise, and air as the main forms of pollution emitted from airports and should therefore receive special and utmost attention.The author has improved his arguments through in depth research. For instance, he has borrowed heavily from EPA (Environmental Protection Age ncy) regulations concerning pollution. Luther has supported his arguments at two levels. The first one regards what should be done during the planning (construction and expansion) session and during the actual airport operation period.I completely agree with Lutehr’s arguments considering the impact of airport pollution. Most importantly, Lutehr has pointed the importance of brainstorming of possible pollution even before airports are constructed or expansion projects are undertaken. In other words, feasibility studies of pollution should be undertaken when airport construction and expansion plans are underway.This would ensure inclusion of pollution control plans in airport operations. As a stakeholder in airport pollution, I find myself well convinced by Lutehr’s arguments, especially considering the wide body of knowledge that supported his assertions. The author has indeed done a good job of convincing readers.ReferencesLutehr, L. (2007). Environmental Impacts of A irport Operations, Maintenance, and Expansion. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33949.pdf.Wayne, L. (2009). Airport Projects Delayed or Canceled. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23airports.html?_r=4&src=twt&twt=nytimestravel&pagewanted=print

Deception Point Page 23

It appeared the astrobiologists had been right, Tolland thought. ET is a bug. Rachel's legs felt weak beneath her. â€Å"I can't†¦ believe it,† she said, turning the fossil in her hands. â€Å"I never thought†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Give it some time to sink in,† Tolland said, grinning. â€Å"Took me twenty-four hours to get my feet back under me.† â€Å"I see we have a newcomer,† said an uncharacteristically tall Asian man, walking over to join them. Corky and Tolland seemed to deflate instantly with the man's arrival. Apparently the moment of magic had been shattered. â€Å"Dr. Wailee Ming,† the man said, introducing himself. â€Å"Chairman of paleontology at UCLA.† The man carried himself with the pompous rigidity of renaissance aristocracy, continuously stroking the out-of-place bow tie that he wore beneath his knee-length camel-hair coat. Wailee Ming was apparently not one to let a remote setting come in the way of his prim appearance. â€Å"I'm Rachel Sexton.† Her hand was still trembling as she shook Ming's smooth palm. Ming was obviously another of the President's civilian recruits. â€Å"It would be my pleasure, Ms. Sexton,† the paleontologist said, â€Å"to tell you anything you want to know about these fossils.† â€Å"And plenty you don't want to know,† Corky grumbled. Ming fingered his bow tie. â€Å"My paleontologic specialty is extinct Arthropoda and Mygalomorphae. Obviously the most impressive characteristic of this organism is-â€Å" â€Å"-is that it's from another friggin' planet!† Corky interjected. Ming scowled and cleared his throat. â€Å"The most impressive characteristic of this organism is that it fits perfectly into our Darwinian system of terrestrial taxonomy and classification.† Rachel glanced up. They can classify this thing? â€Å"You mean kingdom, phylum, species, that sort of thing?† â€Å"Exactly,† Ming said. â€Å"This species, if found on earth, would be classified as the order Isopoda and would fall into a class with about two thousand species of lice.† â€Å"Lice?† she said. â€Å"But it's huge.† â€Å"Taxonomy is not size specific. House cats and tigers are related. Classification is about physiology. This species is clearly a louse: It has a flattened body, seven pairs of legs, and a reproductive pouch identical in structure to wood lice, pill bugs, beach hoppers, sow bugs, and gribbles. The other fossils clearly reveal more specialized-â€Å" â€Å"Other fossils?† Ming glanced at Corky and Tolland. â€Å"She doesn't know?† Tolland shook his head. Ming's face brightened instantly. â€Å"Ms. Sexton, you haven't heard the good part yet.† â€Å"There are more fossils,† Corky interjected, clearly trying to steal Ming's thunder. â€Å"Lots more.† Corky scurried over to a large manila envelope and retrieved a folded sheet of oversized paper. He spread it out on the desk in front of Rachel. â€Å"After we drilled some cores, we dropped an x-ray camera down. This is a graphic rendering of the cross section.† Rachel looked at the x-ray printout on the table, and immediately had to sit down. The three-dimensional cross section of the meteorite was packed with dozens of these bugs. â€Å"Paleolithic records,† Ming said, â€Å"are usually found in heavy concentrations. Often times, mud slides trap organisms en masse, covering nests or entire communities.† Corky grinned. â€Å"We think the collection in the meteorite represents a nest.† He pointed to one of the bugs on the printout. â€Å"And there's mommy.† Rachel looked at the specimen in question, and her jaw dropped. The bug looked to be about two feet long. â€Å"Big-ass louse, eh?† Corky said. Rachel nodded, dumbstruck, as she pictured lice the size of bread loaves wandering around on some distant planet. â€Å"On earth,† Ming said, â€Å"our bugs stay relatively small because gravity keeps them in check. They can't grow larger than their exoskeletons can support. However, on a planet with diminished gravity, insects could evolve to much greater dimensions.† â€Å"Imagine swatting mosquitoes the size of condors,† Corky joked, taking the core sample from Rachel and slipping it into his pocket. Ming scowled. â€Å"You had better not be stealing that!† â€Å"Relax,† Corky said. â€Å"We've got eight tons more where this came from.† Rachel's analytical mind churned through the data before her. â€Å"But how can life from space be so similar to life on earth? I mean, you're saying this bug fits in our Darwinian classification?† â€Å"Perfectly,† Corky said. â€Å"And believe it or not, a lot of astronomers have predicted that extraterrestrial life would be very similar to life on earth.† â€Å"But why?† she demanded. â€Å"This species came from an entirely different environment.† â€Å"Panspermia.† Corky smiled broadly. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"Panspermia is the theory that life was seeded here from another planet.† Rachel stood up. â€Å"You're losing me.† Corky turned to Tolland. â€Å"Mike, you're the primordial seas guy.† Tolland looked happy to take over. â€Å"Earth was once a lifeless planet, Rachel. Then suddenly, as if overnight, life exploded. Many biologists think the explosion of life was the magical result of an ideal mixture of elements in the primordial seas. But we've never been able to reproduce that in a lab, so religious scholars have seized that failure as proof of God, meaning life could not exist unless God touched the primordial seas and infused them with life.† â€Å"But we astronomers,† Corky declared, â€Å"came up with another explanation for the overnight explosion of life on earth.† â€Å"Panspermia,† Rachel said, now understanding what they were talking about. She had heard the panspermia theory before but didn't know its name. â€Å"The theory that a meteorite splashed into the primordial soup, bringing the first seeds of microbial life to earth.† â€Å"Bingo,† Corky said. â€Å"Where they percolated and sprang to life.† â€Å"And if that's true,† Rachel said, â€Å"then the underlying ancestry of earth's life-forms and extraterrestrial life-forms would be identical.† â€Å"Double bingo.† Panspermia, Rachel thought, still barely able to grasp the implications. â€Å"So, not only does this fossil confirm that life exists elsewhere in the universe, but it practically proves panspermia†¦ that life on earth was seeded from elsewhere in the universe.† â€Å"Triple bingo.† Corky flashed her an enthusiastic nod. â€Å"Technically, we may all be extraterrestrials.† He put his fingers over his head like two antennas, crossed his eyes, and wagged his tongue like some kind of insect. Tolland looked at Rachel with a pathetic grin. â€Å"And this guy's the pinnacle of our evolution.† 25 Rachel Sexton felt a dreamlike mist swirling around her as she walked across the habisphere, flanked by Michael Tolland. Corky and Ming followed close behind. â€Å"You okay?† Tolland asked, watching her. Rachel glanced over, giving a weak smile. â€Å"Thanks. It's just†¦ so much.† Her mind reeled back to the infamous 1996 NASA discovery-ALH84001-a Mars meteorite that NASA claimed contained fossil traces of bacterial life. Sadly, only weeks after NASA's triumphant press conference, several civilian scientists stepped forward with proof that the rock's â€Å"signs of life† were really nothing more than kerogen produced by terrestrial contamination. NASA's credibility had taken a huge hit over that gaffe. The New York Times took the opportunity to sarcastically redefine the agency's acronym: NASA-NOT ALWAYS SCIENTIFICALLY ACCURATE.

Dream Come True

My heart skipped a beat. Every minute when am sitting on the bleachers kept me on thinking about what would happen for the next minutes. I prepared myself. I set my camera, I fed my hungry tummy, and practice myself shouting and yelling. Then, my course began. When I am preparing myself, I hear the crowd's noise. They were shouting. Teens, and even adults scream for the lights turned off and the music was played. It was the very melodic music I've ever heard in my entire life. I took a deep breath and started to scream and stopped.I grab my camera in y pocket and steal some pictures. I capture banners, artworks, and the many fan girls sitting around the performance stage. Following a couple of minutes, the formal program started. The crowd was silent. The program was officially blessed by a prayer played and the Philippine National Anthem was conducted. The opening remarks filled with colorful thoughts was then followed by well-known former seminarian in Dave. And this is what we're waiting for. The program officials and staffs positioned and calibrated the countdown and snap!The crowd began to be wild again. The emcee took his first step up on the stage and welcome us with a great Hello! And make acquainted with the crowd. He then introduce the first performer. He was the son of an executive in GAMMA Dave but I don't actually know who he was. He sang This Love by Maroon 5 and the popular song of the hit singer Jason Mrs., I'm yours. Several performers after the guy performed and act upon on stage. It was already 7 in the evening. The multitude become hot and bothered on who will perform next. The girl beside me asked, â€Å"Is it him?Will he be going to perform now? I answered â€Å"Not yet. † And can you guess who the next performers were? They were the singing priests in Dave City, Rev. FRR. AH Better and Rev. FRR. Civil Bunya. The crowd was alive again. They didn't care about the people instead they join with the music and sing all along with the cr owd. They sang 2 songs and then bid goodbye and said â€Å"Enjoy! † After the performance, the assembly was silent again. After a couple of minutes, the emcee shouted â€Å"Are you ready? † and just as you know, here we go again. I scream, they scream and everybody scream.The countdown set into 10, 9, 8, and the throng became more agitated. 6, 5, 4, 3, I feel the moment. 2, 1, and the long wait was over. The LCD projector showed a mini-slideshows of the pictures of him. Now became wild. I never forget to capture a video and stare to the pictures in the slideshows. I jumped up and down all over again. I didn't know what to do. Then a man stood in front of the people watching up on the stage. He was tall, pinkish-white and a good-looking guy. Did you already know who he was? And what am screaming for? He has the initials of DEJA. And you got it right, he was Daniel John FordPaddled. He wears checkered long sleeved turtle-neck polo, skinny jeans and a black Vans shoes wit h white laces. Shouted. I jumped up and down and took stolen pictures of him and it seems I would faint. I can't actually remember what I did. Shout and shout. I yell here and there, jump here, and roll there. He is so beautiful. He shouted â€Å"Hey! Hello! † and the crowd grumble. His voice is so seductive. I say to myself, â€Å"l could rather be dead. † He sang four songs including his revivals and his original composition that made him known better, the Nasty An Nag LATA.He waved his hand here and there. Banners were raised and cameras took their own flashes and the people were down the stage. It was like a huge stampede. After he sang his four songs with liberation he greeted us a â€Å"Good evening! † Indeed it was a very good evening even when the rain is pouring hard and we don't even care. Even when he talk, everybody is shouting and me? Could never imagined what I will going to do. As the emcee meet him and talk awhile for a short interview, I stared at him. He is so special. Want to touch his hand but I couldn't. This will be a gift.

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans After extracting ancient DNA from the 40,000-year-old bones of Neanderthals, scientists have obtained a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome, yielding important new insights into the evolution of modern humans. No other ancient people have aroused more controversy and confusion over the last century and a half than have the Neanderthals (3,4). There is an on-going debate as to whether they should be considered Homo sapiens.While the idea that modern humans originated in Africa and spread out to other parts of the world is widely accepted, several scenarios have been proposed to account for the replacement of neanderthal populations. The multi regional hypothesis holds that neanderthal populations in Eurasia and Africa were held together by gene flow. Fossil and genetic evidence supports an African origin for Modern Humans (1,3,5,9,10).A decade after scientists first cracked the human genome, researchers announced that they have done t he same for Neanderthals, the species of hominid that existed from roughly 400,000 to 30,000 years ago, when their closest relatives, early modern humans, may have driven them to extinction (1,3,5,9,10). Led by ancient-DNA expert Svante Paabo of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, scientists reconstructed about 60% of the Neanderthal genome by analyzing tiny chains of ancient DNA extracted from bone fragments of three female Neanderthals excavated in the late 1970s and early '80s from a cave in Croatia (6,8).The bones are 38,000 to 44,000 years old. The genetic information turned up some intriguing findings, indicating, for instance, that at some point after early modern humans migrated out of Africa, they mingled and mated with Neanderthals, possibly in the Middle East or North Africa as much as 80,000 years ago (5,7,10). If that is the case, it occurred significantly earlier than scientists who support the interbreeding hypothesis would have expected. Com parisons with DNA from modern humans show that some Neanderthal DNA has survived to the present (3,4,7).Moreover, by analyzing ancient DNA alongside modern samples, scientists were able to identify a handful of genetic changes that evolved in modern humans sometime after their ancestors and Neanderthals diverged, 440,000 to 270,000 years ago (2,4). Researchers compared the Neanderthal genome with the genomes of five living people: one San from southern Africa, one Yoruba from West Africa, one Papua New Guinean, one Han Chinese and one French person (2,4,6).Scientists discovered that 1% to 4% of the latter three DNA samples is shared with Neanderthals — proof that Neanderthals and early modern humans interbred. The absence of Neanderthal DNA in the genomes of the two present-day Africans indicates that interbreeding occurred after some root population of early modern humans left Africa but before the species evolved into distinct groups in Europe and Asia (1,3,5,9,10). All stu dies of Neanderthal genomic DNA use material obtained from fossilized Neanderthal bones that are tens of thousands of years old.As one might expect, the quality of the material that can be recovered from such specimens is very poor, as DNA degrades over time. Consequently, there is wide variability in DNA preservation among available Neanderthal specimens, and most Neanderthal bones yield no usable DNA (2,3,4). When present, Neanderthal genomic DNA is recovered in short (50- to 100-bp) fragments (2,3,4) The information content of Neanderthal DNA is also degraded: Individual nucleotides are subject to chemical modification, with deamination of cytosine to uracil the most common lesion (2,4).Moreover, the fragments of Neanderthal genomic DNA are mixed with microbial contaminants that constitute >90% of the recovered DNA. The amount of DNA damage and microbial contamination are dependent on ambient environmental conditions: The ancient specimens that have provided the most intact DNA a re mammoth remains recovered from permafrost. These specimens often include preserved hair shafts and soft tissues from which relatively high-quality DNA can be recovered (2,4,5).None of the Neanderthal specimens providing the DNA for whole-genome sequencing approach this level of preservation (2,4,5,6). In addition to these challenges, ancient specimens frequently become contaminated with modern human DNA during handling and DNA extraction (2). This poses obvious problems for distinguishing modern human from Neanderthal DNA, since the frequency of single-base mismatches between the two genomes is estimated to be

Analysis of Hamlet’s First Soliloquy

Scene 2 reveals for the first time Hamlets intimate, innermost thoughts to the audience. Hamlet has just been denied his request to study in Wittenberg, and is in a state of distress due to his fathers death, his mothers hasty marriage to his uncle Claudius, and his own inability to do anything in both occurrences. Through the use of figurative language such as allusions and comparisons, Shakespeare presents Hamlet in an emotional state of grief, bitterness, and disgust. This soliloquy lets the audience know explicitly how Hamlet is struggling with his mind. Hamlet wishes that his physical flesh could cease to exist : O that this too too solid flesh would melt,/Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! (133-135), and that God has not fixd His canon against self-slaughter (136). Because Hamlet considers life as weary, stale and pointless (137), suicide is a desirable alternative to him, but he will not go down that path because it is forbidden by religion. Hamlet compares life to a wild, unweeded garden (139) to dramatize his state of depression, and Shakespeare also employs this metaphor to symbolize the rotten things that are occurring in Denmark. They are things rank and gross in nature (140) that undoubtedly have a grave effect on Hamlet, such as King Claudiuss newfound authority over the country, and his marriage to Queen Gertrude, his sister in law. Hamlet’s struggle is also depicted through the slow beat, which matches his sorrow and lack of interest in the world. One of Hamlets passionate concerns throughout this soliloquy is that King Claudius is no match against the dead king, and Shakespeare alludes to Greek mythology to form comparisons between the two kings. For example, Hamlet uses the analogy â€Å"So excellent a king, that was to this/Hyperion to a satyr† (11-12) to express his view that his father is far superior to his uncle. In Greek mythology, Hyperion is the Titan God of light, whereas a satyr is half man and half goat creature associated with drinking, dancing, and lust. This analogy thus depicts Hamlet’s disgust over King Claudius asserting the position meant for a revered figure such as his father. Not only that, Hamlet describes his father as so loving towards his wife that he kept the â€Å"winds of heaven† from blowing too roughly on her face (145-146). This hyperbole serves to emphasize the King’s caring and loving attitude towards his wife, and at the same time, maintains the idea of him possessing God-like characterisics. Through the use of these devices, Shakespeare enables the audience to see that Hamlet has deep affections for his father, and is understandably grief stricken at his loss. The Queen’s lack of mourning for her husband’s death, and her haste in marrying King Claudius is another source of Hamlet’s loathing. Shakespeare again alludes to a Greek mythological character, princess Niobe, who could not stop crying over the death of her children , and was turned into a stone waterfall. This shows how unfaithful Queen Gertrude is as opposed to Niobe, who was turned eternally into a crying stone. Hamlet claims that she moved on within a month, and that even a beast â€Å"would have mourn’d longer†. The repetition of the words â€Å"a month† places emphasis on the speediness of the marriage : â€Å"By what it fed on: and yet, within a month A little month Than I to Hercules: within a month† (149-157). His sentences are not well constructed, and are often interjected, depicting his extreme, emotional state: â€Å"Like Niobe, all tears;- why she, even she, O God! † (1. 2. 153-154). Hamlet is betrayed by the queen’s quick recovery not only that, is disgusted at her â€Å"wicked speed† in which she jumps to â€Å"incestuous sheets†. He is so angered over the whole affair and this is depicted in the bitter and hateful tone of his speech; even the Queen’s tears are â€Å"unrighteous† and the whole marriage is an â€Å"incestuous† affair. When he exclaims â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman! † Shakespeare depicts Hamlet as a misogynist, who views women as easily manipulated and weak. Hamlet concludes that the marriage between his mother and uncle â€Å"cannot come to no good† (162), which implies that it will have an ill effect on Denmark. The soliloquy ends with him saying â€Å"But break my heart,- for I must hold my tongue† (164), which arouses some feelings of pity from the audience because Hamlet must suffer in silence. This soliloquy belays the reasons for Hamlets deep melancholy, confusion, and state of depression that persists throughout the play. The use of allusions, metaphors, and comparisons greatly heightens Hamlet’s state of grief, as well as the extent of his disgust towards the recent events that have deeply affected him. Shakespeare’s use of figurative languange and his style of writing in this soliloquy is therefore effective in creating an emotional scene of Hamlet venting out his despair for the first time.

Electrical Principles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electrical Principles - Coursework Example It involves taking snapshot of each cell at installation time and then measuring subtle changes as cells age. A 25% resistance increase over the initial reading provides hints to the battery’s overall performance drop. Measurement of a battery’s internal resistance is done through reading voltage drop on load current or AC impedance. The obtained results are considered ohmic values. There is a widespread held notion that internal resistance has a relation to capacity, yet this is not true. Most batteries retain flat resistance throughout its service life. In figure 1 is the capacity fade and the internal resistance of battery cells. The circuit set-up contains the battery to be studied lying in series with a resistor. The potential difference across load is measured and so is the current for a different resistors/rheostat in the circuit. The idea is for the overall resistance of circuit changes so that the current is different each time. The reason that doing this is to tell us about internal resistance of battery because the potential difference across internal resistance is Vinternal resistance=I⋅r and it is possible to vary I by altering circuit resistance. Where the potential difference across internal resistance is varying and hence, we add up all potential differences given as E=Vload +Vinternalresistance in determination of internal resistance. This can be represented

Biological theories have no relevancy in explaining crime. How far do Essay

Biological theories have no relevancy in explaining crime. How far do you agree with this statement - Essay Example In order to find a rational explanation of crime, a large number of theories have been propounded. Various factors such as evil spirit, sin, disease, heredity, economic maladjustments etc., have been put forward either singly or together to explain criminality. 2. Free-will theory: Beccaria, the founder of modern criminology denounced the earlier religious fallacies and myths to explain crime. He laid greater emphasis on mental phenomenon of the individual and attributed crime to the free will of the individual. This doctrine implied the notion of causation in terms of the free choice to commit crime by a rational man seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. 4. Ferri believes that crime is the synthetic product of three main factors (i) Physical or geographical (2) Anthropological and (iii) Psychological or social. He emphasized that criminal behavior is an outcome of a variety of factors having their combined effect on the individual. 6. Criminality is XYY Syndrome: Socio-biologists and geneticists studied chromo somatic pattern of criminals and linked it with criminal behavior. X and Y are sex chromosomes persons inherit from their parents. Male infants are typed with XY while female infants with XX pattern. Y chromosome is aggressive and X is passive. However the unusual XYY chromosome pattern leads to aggression and criminality. There is no one royal way to lay out the sociology of crime: some have classified its component theories by their supposed political leanings (liberal, conservative and radical, for instance); some by their attentiveness or inattentiveness to gender; some by their alleged foundational assumptions about the character of the social world (classical, positivist, ‘social constructionist’ and the like); some by their chronology; some by the great men and women who propounded them; and others by schools of thought. Crime, after all, is centrally bound up with the state’s attempts to impose its

Morning after Pills (first draft) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morning after Pills (first draft) - Assignment Example However, it also reduces the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, particularly where none of the parents are ready for a child (Prescott, 2011). The arguments in support and against the legalization of access to morning after pills without prescriptions have been a thorny issue across the world for decades. However, the use of morning after pills, even after legalization of non-prescriptive pills, has been hampered by poor education in its use and ethical issues facing pharmacies with regards to selling to underage girls. While most people have heard about the pill, they do not have all the information about the extent of its purpose. In a survey of 88 patients in a reproductive clinic, in London constructed to observe their knowledge on the morning-after pill, 65% of the women had heard about it, although only 19% were aware of its seventy two-hour limit (Haussman, 2013). While the morning-after pill has the ability to prevent a woman from pregnancy, it will only be efficient is taken after 72 hours orally following contraceptive failure or unprotected sex. In addition, it only works when the woman is not already pregnant. The pill is not an abortion pill and offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections like HIV. It is also not meant for use as a regular method of birth control and should be used for a maximum of four times a month. If a woman is seventeen years or older, she can receive the pill at a local pharmacy if they can present proof age through relevant documents. The pill c ontains elevated levels of levonorgestrel, which is an analog of progesterone that is found in majority of pills for birth control (Haussman, 2013). After a woman takes the pill, various side effects like period changes, pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, dizziness, headaches and tenderness of the breasts are to be expected. Where it is taken within 72 hours, there is a 95% reduction in probability of pregnancy. Although it was

Export Management Task Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Export Management Task - Article Example For all of you who are involved in the industry and to those of you who have had the occasion to become involved on a personal level, You will no doubt agree with me when I say that it is an industry which is predicated on logistics, scheduling, and documents. Moreover, all of the logistics must be arranged far in advance, the scheduling must all come together into one unit at a specific time, and at a specific place, and all of the documentation must be accomplished accurately, and on time, in accordance with previously stipulated agreements. Having said that, I will now present the various components and aspects which comprise the Export Management Task. Export sales contracts can be formal or informal, depending on the foreign buyer. One should be cautioned that any contract which is made quickly and informally when some of the conditions are assumed or left to be clarified later, is a dangerous, ill advised, and not a good practice standard. Of course, most of us are aware of off ers to sell which are presented over the phone, which covers the product to be sold, the quantity, the price per unit, outlining delivery, the terms, and the medium of payment, which is often accepted by the foreign buyer. Also, we are familiar with a call from the buyer, with an offer to buy. offer to buy. 2This type of contract may be preceded by a series of offers and counter offers before the final offer and acceptance. This type of contract remains informal if it is not confirmed in writing. This type of contractural practice is most common and acceptable between branches of the same company, or between long standing trade partners, or between very reputable companies who trade in commodities which are prone to rapid changes in prices. It is my caution to you, that unless one of the three above-mentioned conditions are characteristic of your transaction, then this informal mode, should not be your practice. The most assured way to a void any and all misunderstandings, is to get the buyer to agree to the use of what is commonly referred to as General Standard Conditions. "These are standardized contract terms that permit the parties to refer to a pre- established set of rules that can be incorporated into the contract"(SIT). If you elect to choose this standardized proforma, then you must by all means, become keenly familiar with the contents, because once the generalized Standard Conditions have been adopted, they are legally binding whether or not both parties are aware of and understand every provision"(SIT) According to the Secrets in International Trade, an offer to sell may also be made via telex, courier, air mail, cable, facsimile and today even via e-mail. The exporter confirms the terms and stipulations of the sale via a proforma invoice: the proforma invoice will detail the entire order, The type of shipment ( i.e., f.o.b. Plymouth) quantity, type of item, unit cost, and total cost. As an addendum one might also include certain terms such as the name and address of the preferred bank, and the preferred shipping3 date. Upon receipt of the proforma invoice, the buyer will confirm his acceptance by

Behaviorism and Constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behaviorism and Constructivism - Essay Example The use of ICTs at all academic levels has become widespread in recent years because of their advantages: (i) ICTs have the capabilities of enhancing the extent of students’ understanding of a curriculum’s contents—that is, the learners could have better grasp of the subject-matter through the use of ICTs; (ii) with ICTs, the instructors or teachers could improve or change the contents of a curriculum—in other words, they could broaden the curriculum covering new areas of studies made possible by the advent of educational technologies; (iii) ICTs could be used as supporting materials or equipment in the process of delivering education (Leask & Meadows, 2000). The most interesting aspect of the application of ICTs at schools is that it makes learning more enjoyable to the learners. For example, the fascinating graphics used in some educational software have the power to catch the attention of the students or learners for a long time and help to boost the ov erall memory level (Leask & Meadows). Students at the elementary are the biggest section of the academia that are carried away with interesting and funny graphics. People learn in different ways: considering the principles of constructivism, it is clear that some people believe (i) that learning is an active process that requires active participation on the part of the learners.

Book Report ( The coming of Dragons by A.J.Lake) Essay

Book Report ( The coming of Dragons by A.J.Lake) - Essay Example It is on the ship that the children meet and become friends. While sailing on the ship, a mysterious appears in the sky and the ship is destroyed. All abroad it are lost and only the children survive. Relying on one another and their own wit, the children finally make it to shore. There they meet a mysterious old hermit who tells them some very strange tales. Elspeth and Edmund do not understand much of what the mystical and mysterious hermit tells them but soon discover that they have been given the responsibility of saving the world. Throughout their quest to save the world, Elspeth and Edmund come across many strange characters. Some of them are extremely sinister and quite frightening. However, they manage to survive and move from one stage of their adventure to another because of their courage, their wit and the magical powers they have been given. Edmund suddenly discovers that he can enter into the mind of the dragon and of people, and listen to all their thoughts. Elspeth finds a magical sword attached to her arm and which appears and disappears as needed. The adventures which the two characters experience in their quest to save the world are exciting and encourage readers to keep turning the pages of the book. The two main characters play an equally important role in keeping readers riveted. Despite their age and their inexperience, they manage to overcome the fears and courageously face their responsibility of saving the world. Elspeth and Edmund are courageous, intelligent and, above all, don’t rush into things blindly but wisely think over their every move. Besides making a good Christmas gift, The Coming of the Dragon has many lessons for its readers. It teaches courage, the importance of persistence and how, by facing your fears, you can overcome them. However, the most important lesson it teaches is responsibility. Edmund and Elspeth are given a responsibility which seems much greater than their

Themes and Style comparison between Pans Labyrinth and The City of Essay

Themes and Style comparison between Pans Labyrinth and The City of Lost Children - Essay Example The themes of both the films have one thing in common; they are about dreams. The films show how important dreams are and especially of young children. In Pan’s Labyrinth, this theme is shown as the young girl has an imaginative fantasy world in which she lives and creates her own magical world. In her dream world, she is a princess and she sees people in the real world as annoying and distracting. It is her love for fairy tales that led her to go on an adventure where she was given the chance to become the princess she was and return to her father, the King. She was told that she was a born princess by a faun who she meets at the night in the forest. The rest of the film shows how the young girl accomplishes three gruesome tasks just to claim her royalty and her status as a princess. In The City of Lost Children, the theme of dreams is depicted as the old aging scientist kidnaps young children to steal their dreams. This theme is portrayed as children dream big and they have the capability to dream about their fantasies and their innocent world. The evil scientist starts stealing these dreams leaving the children empty and without their dreams. The children are lost without their dreams and they are kept in a secret place. The old scientist steals the dreams as he doesn’t have the capability to dream himself. It is also shown that the scientist is aging rapidly only because he doesn’t have dreams. The film shows how dreams keep us younger and give us the reason to live a life. The theme of evil is also somehow depicted in both the films as they are fantasy films and they show the evils which are associated with every good. The young girl in Pan’s Labyrinth is living her dream fantasy of being a princess and having royalty. However, her dream is disrupted by the evils that surround her. The fairy takes her to the forest where she is told she is a princess and in order to

Diversity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity - Assignment Example The company intends to foster remarkable cultures that celebrate diversity. In order to achieve the company’s commitment to promoting diversity, the company has the following objectives. Focusing on providing a remarkably inclusive workplace, which enables each of the employees to utilize skills and competencies and participate in innovation and creativity for the benefit of the company (Bond & Haynes, 2014). In addition, the company exhibits its commitment to diversity in its promotional strategies. Notably, all the employees who have the relevant qualifications for the promotion are eligible to apply. The selection process will have its basis of merit in accordance with the equal employment opportunity and diversity policies. In order to ensure that none of the staff members is disadvantaged, the teams responsible for the promotion give consideration to none traditional patterns of achievement that are evident in any member of the staff regardless of the gender, ethical backgrounds, or disability. In addition, the company will consider a proper assessment of an individual’s achievement relative to opportunity (Armache, 2012). Therefore, applicants should always include their achievements and inform the team so that fairness and diversity can be promoted. The company is committed to ensuring that all the employees receive further training and education in order to improve their competencies. The company appreciates the qualifications of each employee, but has in place a program for training all the new employees. The company operates in unique ways and wants all the employees to understand the basic operations that define the company’s business. In addition, the company also offers training programs for each team. The training programs for different teams are suited to fit their job description. Usually, the training needs of each group are identified from the group

Culture and Beliefs Essay Example for Free

Culture and Beliefs Essay Different cultures and beliefs can have an effect on implementing anti-discriminatory practice. One example of this preventing anti-discriminatory practice is though in a culture saying please and thank you to things, where in another culture this may not be normal and so if someone doesnt say thank you or please to something this may be seen as rude, and could make the person treat the other person differently. Another way culture and beliefs can affect implementing anti-discriminatory practice is that people may understand a persons situation, or not understanding why someone behaves in that way and then the professionals own views or stereotypes will take control over the way the person treats the individual and then this wont promote anti-discriminatory practice. This may differ depending on where the health care setting is for example if it is in more of a multi-cultural area, beliefs and views may be different. Not understanding the importance If care providers don’t understand the importance of promoting anti-discriminatory practice, they are more likely to not work in an anti discriminatory practice. Care providers should be aware of the active promotion of anti discriminatory practice in order for the service users of health and social care to get the best of the services. If care providers fail to work in an anti discriminatory practice, service users will be not treated fairly and their choices wouldn’t be respected or taken into account, so therefore it is very important for health and social care professionals to work in an anti discriminatory practice. If the care settings fail to promote an anti discriminatory practice, service users will be marginalised and disempowered and this can lead to stress and depression and can trigger challenging behaviour. The way in which anti-discriminatory ractice is promoted may be different in different health and social care setting such as a school will focus more on children where as an residential care home may focus more on elderly or disability. Following the ‘norm’ Both care providers and service users are used to doing what is the ‘norm’ for them. This can cause problems when promoting anti-discriminatory practice because if for example a care provider is used to carrying out certain behaviour then they may ignore new anti-discriminatory practice that has been introduced because it is something they are not used to doing. This can cause loads of problems because it means service users may be neglected and discriminated against because new practice is not being followed. This could also sometimes be down to the age of the care provider. If someone has been working in a care setting for a long time they may be used to caring in a certain way which means that they will not adapt appropriately to new practice where as someone who is new will be fully aware of the new procedures in place so may be more likely to follow them.

The Importance of Cash Flow Management

The Importance of Cash Flow Management An understanding of effective cash flow statement and its further management is vital tool for the long term survival of an entity`s cash flows. It is also a key factor in planning and in the competent performance of all aspects of operations. The phrase revenue is sanity, profit is vanity but cash is king is an appropriate phenomenon that companies have to consider and embedded in their cash management strategy. It should be noted that profits are not an acceptable means of measuring and ensuring good cash flow, since it is not a major piece of cash flow management. Once cash inflows and outflows are received and money paid out are not effectively considered and monitored, corporations may possibly not be able to settle their employees and vendors on time. Hence, lack of good cash flow management could lead to companies inability to pay their bills as and when they fall due but yet these companies may have huge profits in their annual financial statements. 1.0 Background of the study Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance,  real estate development, and corporate financial management. Indeed, a managers primary goal is to maximise the value of his or her firms stock. Value is based on the firms future cash flow. (F.Houston 2007 ,p.10). How does bank estimate that cash flow and how that cash flow will be used in future investment? The answers to both questions lie in a study of financial statement and risk related to transactions concerned with. Analysts describe the activities of a business in either operating or financial terms. Usually, to evaluate its operating profit, a business firm buys raw materials and combine them with actor as capital and labour to produce goods and services. Later on, the company will sell these goods or services to others at a higher price enough to yield return above the cost of the raw material, capital and labour used. In financial terms, the business obtains funds through creditors and owners, and spen ds them for raw material, labour and fixed assets. To see if a firms management has achieved its objectives, we must analyse the companys return and risk measures. Measuring returns consist of calculating profitability and risk measurement for the bank. 1.1 Overview of the company The creation of the UK largest retailer goes back to 1919, when John Edward (Jack) Cohen a retailers product line started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The name Tesco originated in 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr T. E Stockwell, from whom the initials TES come from and CO from Jacks surname. In 1929 Mr Cohen opened a flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London and founded in 1939 Tesco stores limited. Today the company is a public limited and employs 470,000 people in more than 14 countries, and is the UK largest grocery retailer and the third worldwide. In the UK: Over the next decade following its creation, Tesco opened more than 100 small stores, mainly in the London area. The company expanded rapidly across the United Kingdom. Started with the acquisition of smaller grocery chains including the nineteen stores Burnards chain in 1955, and has now, 2362 stores ranging from superstores to express and petrol stations. Since the 1990s Tesco has developed an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys and become the UKs leading retailer since 1995. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993 and the launch of his loyalty scheme, clubcard in 1995. Today Tesco is the first retailer in the UK with a groups sales of  £62,537 billion, a rise of 6.8% and  £3,412 billion group trading profit (12.3% growth) Abroad: The Company is now present in more than thirteen countries since 1995 when it first expanded to Tesco Hungary to, the USA in 2007. Strategy: The Companys strategy has been revised since 1997, the year Terry Leahy was named chief executive officer. Tesco has developed a growth strategy, the one that was ambitious in its design. In the coming years, the company directed its expansion efforts on its core U.K. business, retailing services, international operations, and non food business. Store types: Tesco has Extra, Superstore, Metro, Express, Tesco.com. Store offerings: Food retail, Non food retail, Petrol stations, Home living range. Tesco personal finance: life insurance, pet insurance, home insurance, travel insurance, motor insurance, saving account, personal loans, secure investment bonds, online mortgage finder The company aims: This dissertation was dedicated to the financial area, especially to financial management and risk involved. The proposed title of this dissertation is as follow: How important is for manager to have a good understanding of cash flow statement in a retailing industry. 1.2 Aims and objectives The aim of this research was to evaluate the overall performance of retailing sector a case study of Tesco Plc being chosen by taking into consideration its cash flows and risk involved. The researcher aims to understand the issues related to cash flow statement and relate it to risk involved and how to improve the management cash flow. Furthermore setting some aims and objectives are of a high importance as they outline some targets, tasks, guide and thus facilitate the research process. Objectives Identification of the key factors included in a cash flow statement Establishment of the straight relationship between the cash inflow and cash outflow Identification of the element that affect (risk) the successful cash flow The areas in need of cash flow What are the advantages of good knowledge of cash flow analysis Recommendation of new strategies and techniques to improve organizations overall cash flow performance Rationale of the Study The essence of commissioning this research was to establish the need for the company managers to have a good and a deeper understanding of the cash flow statement. After having considered the rate at which corporations are faced with liquidations as a result of going concern problems. The dependencies of profit/ income statement for financing decision making by most businesses over the years have result to these corporations failing to meet the expectations of their long term objectives. With this study the managers would realise the importance of the role the cash flow statement plays in the organisations cash flows management status. The other annual financial statements do not through more light on the financing needs/ requirement and management of the entities. However, the cash flow statement provides more and strong indicators that assist corporations to know the strength and weaknesses of their cash flow generation approaches. 1.4 Significance of the study Cash flows information of a company is very significant element in providing users of financial statements with a basis to measure the capability of the business to generate cash and cash equivalents and the desires of the business to make use of those cash flows. The financial decisions that users (both shareholders and stakeholders) make depends an appraisal of the strength of the business to generate cash and cash equivalents by having regard to the certainty and their ability to generate those cash (Ramachandran, 2007). The cash flow statement deals with the consideration of information concerning the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of a company and categories cash flows in to certain groups. This research will no doubt be a significant tool in financing decisions for managers, shareholders and stakeholders at large. 1.5 The Research problem In recent years so many businesses have had to depend on excessive borrowings from the banks, credit agencies and other financial institutions. Cash flow shortages result to increase in costs, due to interest companies need to pay on borrowed loans, late-payment which may lead to fines, and subsequently the discounts that could be lost for paying bills lately. Lack of cash flow improvements can compound these unexpected costs and could result to difficulty in accessing credit and unfavourable payment terms on some types of purchases. Eventually, corporations that get better in the manner in which their receipts of cash and payment of cash are managed would be more flourishing than their counter-parts. 1.6 Research question After identifying the aims and objectives of this study, the research attempted to answer the following questions. What is cash flow concept? How is it used in an organisation? What is the impact of financial statements when valuing the cash flow statement? What are the review conceptual models and theoretical fragments related to cash flow? What review cash flow statement used by Tesco? What are the risks faced by the company when evaluating their cash inflow and cash outflow? The overall impact on cash flow statement inside and outside the industry 1.7 The dissertation outline The study has been organised in a manner that makes it much easier to read and understand. As a consequence the outline is as follows: Chapter one: introduction was concerned with general overviews of the study by presenting the aims and objectives, the significance of carrying such research as well as some questions faced by managers when valuing their liquidity. Chapter two: literature reviews was applied as others opinion, what authors has writing and thinking about cash flow management. Chapter three: methodology was highlighting the different techniques and approach used to carry out our research so that readers and manager can have a Chapter four: data analysis was presented as the methodology used to conduct this research successful .it furthermore presented the chosen analytical method in accordance with qualitative approach chosen in this study. The data collected are analysed using a qualitative analytical method the methodology used to conduct this study has been discussed. in this chapter and evaluated in accordance with the theoretical framework established from the literature review. Chapter five: conclusions and recommendations 1.8 summary This chapter gave an insight of the research project by presenting the company Tesco plc which is subject to inquiry, highlighting the aims and objectives, and discussing the significance of carrying such project as well as the limitations. The subsequent chapter reviews the literature of direct marketing, discussed by prominent authors.